IPv6 is developed to replace IPv4 for the reason of IPv4 address exhaustion. Since there is a total of 32 bits in an IPv4 address, it only allows 4 billion unique addresses. On the other hand, the world population has already reached 7 billion in 2011. Ipv4 address space is not enough for everyone in the world to have one unique IP address, let alone each person has more than one devices currently, such as mobile phones, computers, tablets, GPS, and etc. In Ipv6, the address space has been expanded to 128 bits, allowing 340 trillion trillion trillion unique addresses, which solves the limited address space problem. The reason that the new generation of Internet protocol is named as Ipv6 instead of Ipv5 is that Ipv5 has already been defined …show more content…
However, upgrading Ipv4 devices to Ipv6 devices is costly. Without the general customer demand of Ipv6, the Internet service providers will not invest money in Ipv6 development and implementation.
The reminder of the paper is organized as follows. In section Ⅱ, the format of Ipv6 address and its packet header are introduced. In section Ⅲ, a comparison between Ipv6 and Ipv4 is conducted from multiple aspects. In section Ⅳ, the challenge of current Ipv6 development and installing is described.
II. BACKGROUND
A. IPv6 address structure
IPv6 address space is composed of 128 bits IP addresses. A typical IPv6 address can be broken down into 8 groups of 16 bits each, separated by colons, written in hex decimal numbers. Figure 1 shows an example of a Ipv6 address. For simplicity, two continuous colons can be used to replace the zero block in between, which can only be adopted once in one Ipv6 address. Also, the leading zeros can be omitted without introducing any confusion.
B. IPv6 address scope
According to the scope of addresses, Ipv6 addresses are classified into two types, global IPv6 addresses and link local addresses. The global address is unique and reachable all over the Internet, similar to the public address in Ipv4. The link local address is not routable and only used in the local network, set by default when Ipv6 function is enabled, similar to the MAC address in Ipv4. It always starts with FF80, followed by 48-bit
The IPv4 came before the IPv6 and these datagrams are similar in many ways but also differ in more ways than one. IPv6 came out in the year 2004 and still uses many of the features that made IPv4 so successful. IPv6 is supposed to become the new standard over the older version of IPv6, but it is tough for v6 to take its spot when v6 cannot support everything v4 does, basically v6 cannot connect to a v4 system. Some differences are that it is stated that the IPv6 is more secure than the IPv4, the address size went from 32 bits in the IPv4 to 128 bits in the IPv6, extensible protocols are more flexible in the IPv6, IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible, the IPv4 will not be able to support additional nodes or support for applications, and the
28. Pg 173 IP Address. Hosts have logical IP addresses (changeable) TCP/IP is in the network layer. The MAC address is the physical layer. Mac addresses cannot be changed. ARP is used to connect a logical IP with a MAC.
4. Which feature is an integral part of IPv6, where as it was an optional feature under IPv4? IPSec
With admirable foresight, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) initiated as early as in 1994, the design and development of a suite of protocols and standards now known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), as a worthy tool to phase out and supplant IPv4 over the coming years. There is an explosion of sorts in the number and range of IP capable devices that are being released in the market and the usage of these by an increasingly tech savvy global population. The new protocol aims to effectively support the ever-expanding Internet usage and functionality, and also address security concerns.
* The network layer address is used primarily by network layer software. A web address is translated into an IP address via a network layer protocol (in this case, IP used on the internet.) The IP address translated can be 4 bytes long with IPv4 (e.g., 129.79.127.4), which is today’s standard. The process can be compared to looking up a name in a find book to find their phone number.
IPV6 addresses can be assigned automatically by the device which should eliminate the need for a DHCP server. It also comes with an option for a built-in encryption which ensures that each package that gets sent has to be decrypted prior to interpretation. Also with the amount of available addresses, NAT is no longer
IPv6 uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) to find the MAC address. NDP manages interaction between nodes via message exchanges. These messages provide the data necessary for the processes of host auto configuration and packet transmission on a local link. Host auto configuration involves separate tasks of Parameter discovery, address auto configuration and duplicate address detection. Packet discovery is facilitated through router discovery process. It obtains the necessary parameters required for host configuration. Duplicate address detection is used to detect the presence of duplicate addresses on the same link. Packet transmission process requires data which can be obtained by router discovery, prefix discovery, address resolution, neighbor
16. Which networking component included with Windows 7 supports sending IPv6 traffic over IPv4 networks?
What IPv4 provides in the header is IP checksum which does error detection but not correction. Still, doing error detection would cause delay on network. That’s why in Internet Protocol version 6 this checksum is abandoned. Since now, the dominator of internet protocol is IPv4, although the spread of the newest version 6 is happening 7 worldwide. Picture below shows how IP packets are field:
IPv6 is not a solution for security, however, in light of the fact that few security issues
It contains all the internet domain names and resolves them to IP’s which the machine could understand. They could be located in different geographical locations for purposes of redundancy. In Linux the service that should be availed is BIND (Berkeley Internet Name domain) and for windows Microsoft DNS.
Exceptionally informative post; although, the principle of an IPv6 protocol is to address the limited 4 billion unique IP address and to assign a unique IP address to every device connected, could the IPv6 protocol help authorities to monitor and identify criminals or would the IPv6 protocol further shield criminals from police?
IPv4 addressing is the next method, it’s is split up into two main parts as well Network I.D and Host I.D which are split over four octets which are written as four decimal numbers which have 32 bits, it only contains 4.3billion different IPs. For example, you sent an IP to a website and it sends its IP back, which means you can communicate. Whereas IPv6 addressing has 128 bits and is written as
MAC which is an acronym for Media Access Control is a unique identifier for network hardware ADDIN EN.CITE Nakayashiki199532(Nakayashiki, Kashio, & Harakawa, 1995)323217Nakayashiki, SusumuKashio, JimHarakawa, TakeshiMAC Address Test Protocol for a Reconfigurable Dual -- Ring Local Area NetworkElectronics & Communications in Japan, Part 1: CommunicationsElectronics & Communications in Japan, Part 1: Communications1-147810LOCAL area networks (Computer networks)CONFIGURATION managementCOMPUTER networksPRODUCTION management (Manufacturing)ELECTRONIC data processing -- Distributed processingCOMPUTER softwareIEEE 805.MAC addressprotocolRing LAN1995John Wiley & Sons, Inc.8756662115112822Articlehttps://erms.tourolib.org/url/http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=15112822&site=ehost-livea9hEBSCOhost( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_2" o "Nakayashiki, 1995 #32" Nakayashiki, Kashio, & Harakawa, 1995). A MAC address is a 12 digit hexadecimal number assigned to network hardware to allow for communication on the network. In network functionality, MAC addresses are used at the data link layer, which in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is layer 2. The MAC address for a specific hardware does not change, and it follows the network hardware. In a network stack, MAC addresses support the hardware implementation.
Because of the IPv6 technology, visiting care of mobile IP address will be assigned as per the connected network and geographical position.