Islamophobia In America

The Big House, the largest prehistoric native American structure in North America, is a four-story building constructed by ancient Sonoran Desert people, the Hohokam. The Hohokam were native American tribes that vanished in the 1400’s leaving behind archaeological evidence of a sophisticated culture revealing advanced canal systems, and the “Casa Grande,” a big house in the Sonoran Desert valley. Missionary, explorer and mapmaker Eusibio Francisco Kino, was the first European to discover the site in 1694 and named it “Casa Grande”. After the railroad came through in 1879, travelers would scratch their names into the walls, some took artifacts, even pieces of the wall were taken as souvenirs. In 1889, Congress voted to take action to protect the site from vandalism and looting. It has been protected since 1892 by the General Land Office and then it was transferred to the National Park Service in 1918. This

Muslims now, suffer from discrimination in America ever since the 9-11 Era. Some people believe that muslims were the reason why 9-11 and other terrorists attacks happened. The hate for American-Muslims has increased by 78%. Even our president, Donald Trump, wanted a ban on immigration by Muslims. The anti-Muslim hate and violence have reportedly increased rapidly after Donald Trump’s comments on the Muslims. Social media and the news for months

I will start by highlighting the requisites, audience, and constraints, contextualizing the text and determining the tactics necessary to create impactful rhetoric. Then I’ll examine how effectively Abdurraquib employs logos, pathos, and ethos to convey his message, particularly to the audience who may not easily sympathize with his experiences. The implication of this essay can be identified in its title, “Fear in Two Winters”, referring to two major events which revealed Islamophobia in America: the response to 9/11, and the the revitalization of these attitudes with the election of Donald Trump. The implication is “the circumstance or condition that invites a response”(Carroll), which drives the essay and is critical for understanding why the essay exists. This essay was published in September of 2017, nearly a year into the Trump presidency, and responds directly to the Muslim Travel ban which went into effect at the beginning of that year.

The “mold of a Muslim post 9/11 was anyone fitting the description of a Muslim, which was wearing a hijab for women and wearing a turban for men. If you went to a mosque, which was the Muslim house of worship, you were considered a Muslim. Anyone who fit that “mold” had a red flag put on them. For example, Rasha and her family were arrested and detained by the FBI in the middle of the night, “because they were being investigated for possible terrorism connections” (21). Due to the heightened level of security after the terrorist attacks of 9/11 committed by Muslim extremist; this family was targeted because of their religious beliefs. Ironically, the Muslim extremism that the terrorists of 9/11 depicted was a direct contrast of the true core Muslim values of honesty and compassion that Muslims are taught in their families. For instance, when she was young, Rasha’s parents taught her “the simple values of honesty, compassion and protecting her honor” (17). Readers can see that Rasha’s family valued their Muslim heritage and brought her up to value them as

On Trump’s rhetoric of this campaign season, particularly in calling for a ban of Muslims from entering this country, Rubio was asked if this has increased in Islamophobia. “No one should be discriminated in America against their religion or faith,” Rubio responded. “Bottom line is there are millions of patriotic Muslim Americans. Our issue is not with patriotic Muslim Americans, it is with radical Islam.”

Muslims are one of the most marginalized people in the U.S for their beliefs and their religion but after 9/11 discrimination and hate crimes against them had become even worse.Throughout the U.S people have been “Anti-Islam” and believed that the Muslim’s religion is absurd, want muslims to change their beliefs or, leave the country.According to “Anti-Islman Discourse in the United States in the Decade After 9/11:The Role of Social Conservatives and Cultural Politics”by David D.Belt on page 211-212, talks about how a post on Charisma News with an article title “Why I am Absolutely Islamophobic” was urging at the fact that Muslim-Americans needed to be deported as soon as possible ,or go under sterilization.Also Belt talks about one of Bush’s family friend being,Franklin Graham saying that he thinks the muslim’s religion is “very evil “and “wicked”.One last example a man named Gabriel had said Islam is the real enemy of America and that we supposedly “we will be doomed in war if we don’t realize it”. People are so brainwashed it honestly insane and very ignorant at the things people think about Muslims, its barbaric.They believe what Muslims believe in and their religion is wrong and they should switch to “Christianity” because it is the “American way “ or have them deported because the do not belong there and are “terrorist”.

Islamophobia, the term that was not very well-known before September 11, 2001, is now known to almost any individual of any age. After September 11th, islamophobia became a part of many Muslims’ daily lives (O’Connor “How 9/11 Changed These Muslim Americans’ Lives Forever.”) Not only did Muslims have trouble going through customs and security at the airports, but they also encountered islamophobia in their daily routine. Since September 11th, terrorist jokes became popular among many non-Muslim Americans who oftentimes did not understand the seriousness and the offensiveness of those jokes. Some found the “Muslim terrorist” stereotype to be somewhat justified and did not consider it to be as insulting as, for example, the representation of Black and Asian Americans in 1920s and 30s cartoons. However, the two are equally abusive and it is horrible to realize that in some ways, the American

"We are not talking about isolation, we're talking about security, we are not talking about religion, we're talking about security" said Donald Trump. From the newspapers to the news on television, ever since the 9/11 tragedy, America have shown great hatred towards Islam. The media always seem to put us, muslims in negative spot-light and parade islam as a religion that encourages violence. The media shows great discrimination against muslims and help to cause the increase in frequency of islamophobia the past decade. According to the FBI, 94 percent of terrorist attacks carried out inside the United States from 1980 to 2005 have been by non-Muslims. It is a tough journey as a muslim to live in an era of hate crimes against my people.

Often nowadays characters of well-known stories are at times more well known than the stories they inhabit thanks to pop culture where people recognize faces, but not their origins. The Sandman, a comic published by DC Comics, has taken various comic and Biblical references and incorporated them into its own universe. These allusions to other works helps the reader easily identify characters and their roles in the story, especially if they have a wide enough literature background. Some simply reveal something about the universe they inhabit. Understanding this makes the book much more satisfying to read and appreciate the thought put into the book.

The abuse, stereotyping and scapegoating of Australian Muslims is on the rise in 2016 and the media isn’t helping.

September 11th holds many hard and upset feelings around the world today. The harsh actions of Muslim extremists unfortunately completely changed the way Muslims are treated, especially in the United States. These events, exacerbated islamophobia. Unfortunately, “the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, connect Muslims and Islam to terrorism within the geographical borders of the United States.” (Byng) Although it has been over a decade since the attack, many still feel racist and discriminatory attitudes towards Muslims. Muslims are the targeted minority in the United States, “the 9/11 terrorist attacks shifted the social and political context for Muslims in the United States. Terrorism within the geographical borders of the United States carried out by Muslims places an identity at the center of national and global politics.” (Byng) The blame of the horrible terrorist attacks, rather than be placed on terrorists or religious extremist, has been placed on Islam in America. After September 11th, hate crimes towards Muslims skyrocketed, “the most dramatic change noted by the report was a more than 1,600 percent increase in reported hate crimes against Muslims -- a jump from 28 hate incidents in 2000 to 481 last year.”

The latest hot topic when it comes to the Republican candidates for the presidential election is Muslims. From Donald Trump saying we have a “Muslim problem”, to Ben Carson saying Muslims are unfit for office, the attack on Muslims has been a big subject. In this New York Times editorial “The Republican Attack on Muslims”, the author talks about how recently the Republicans were not the nicest when it comes to the Muslim community. Recently, Donald Trump has hinted towards his dislike for Muslims. In a recent interview, the interviewer stated that “we have a problem in this country, it’s called Muslims”, and that our President (who is an American-born Christian) is also a Muslim. When the interviewer asked Mr. Trump when we would get rid of them, he said “We’re going to be looking into that.” Donald Trump has also stated that he thinks Muslims were behind the World Trade Center attacks, which is not true.

When discussing 9/11, the author writes about Post-9/11 America seemed determined: “Never Again.” Despite important differences, genocide and terrorism share one important feature, which is that both parget civilian populations. This led the author to ask, “To what extend is the mind-set of the perpetrators revealed by the way they frame their victims culturally (Mamdani, 11)?” The debate on this question turns around the relationship between cultural and political identity and in the context of 9/11, between religious fundamentalism and political terrorism. The ideas the author raised in the Good Muslim, Bad Muslim section, stuck out to me the most. Mamdani explained that President Bush moved to distinguish between “good Muslims” and “bad Muslims.” From the “bad Muslims” point of view, they were obviously responsible for terrorism and at the same time, Bush seemed to assure Americans that “good Muslims” were anxious to clear their names and consciences of this horrible crime and would undoubtable support “us” in a war against “them.” This doesn’t hide the central message of the discourse that unless proved to be “good,” every Muslim was presumed to be “bad.” All Muslims were now obligated to prove their credentials by joining in a war against “bad Muslims (Mamdani, 15).” This part of the reading really got me thinking about

Author’s have different tactics with how they convey their themes, and how the message impacts the reader. Themes can be conveyed through characters, plot lines, or symbols. In Tennessee William’s play, The Glass Menagerie, the author effectively uses symbolism to convey that escaping reality is a method of coping with life’s hardships. First, William’s effectively uses the fire escape as a symbol of inward issues Tom tries to escape. Not only does the fire escape serve as a physical entrance to the Wingfield's apartment, it also serves as "a structure whose name is a touch of accidental poetic truth” (I.i.9).

After 9/11 has induced negative attitudes towards Muslim peoples who tend to be strongly associated with any act of terrorism. The media has played a colossal role in developing such negative association wherein it constantly portrays Muslim people in combination with violent terrorist acts. It does so in a way that they both go hand-and-hand. In other words, it has made it as though the Islamic religion is synonymous with terrorism. The media has perpetuated Muslim stereotypes over the years that followed the 9/11 incident. Because of this, society has developed, and still has developed, this prejudiced mindset about the Islamic religion and the Muslim communities around the world. People immediately assume that any violent act being