Korean Family Culture applied to Giger and Davidhizer Transcultural Model
Communication
Different social ranks among Korean Americans are maintained through using different vocabulary and verb endings within the Hangeul language (Giger & Davidhizar, 2017). Koreans may have a hard time maintaining eye contact with those in higher social ranks. The nurse should know this behavior is a sign of respect.
When considering touch as a form of communication, the nurse should assess whether the patient draws away, this could be an indicator that they are uncomfortable with this interaction (Giger & Davidhizar, 2017). Because touching is an unavoidable part of the nurse-patient encounter, the nurse should try to establish a trusting and respectful relationship from the very start by asking the patient permission upon touching them for the first time (Giger & Davidhizar, 2017).
In addition, throughout any procedure, the nurse should continue to educate and maintain strong communication with the patient to avoid any surprises that may upset them. This includes thoroughly explaining why, how, and what the nurse will be doing.
Space
A distinct spatial distance is often seen between Korean Americans who are of different ages. The space between individuals serves as a respectful gesture among older adults and younger generations, while the elderly is viewed in the highest regard. If such distance is disregarded, the person failing to maintain the proper distance is viewed as ignorant or smug (Giger & Davidhizar, 2017).
Due to the high prevalence of crowding within Korean homes, Korean Americans often tolerate dense crowds but try to avoid touching strangers or acquaintances until a relationship has been established. The nurse should assess whether the Korean American patient attempts to move closer or farther away while interacting. Maintaining privacy, by shutting curtains and covering the patient as quickly as possible is crucial throughout assessments and procedures. These actions help the patient feel more in control of their space (Giger & Davidhizar, 2017).
Social Organization
Most families consist of a husband, wife and children with an average of 3.6 people per home. In fact, 82% of Korean Americans are married.
For example, Dr. Adrian Chan is a second-year neuropathology fellow at New York University Langone Medical Center. As an IMG from Beijing, Dr. Chan has experience with the challenges of acculturation and emigration. “Only the best of the best get to come to America” he tells me during one of our friendly conversations. He then goes on to acknowledge the fact that many Americans perceive Asians as very “polite, hard-working” and often “keep to themselves” (Personal Conversation, 2009). This observed facet of Asian culture can be a hindrance to Asian physicians who need help in an American cultural setting. Often their silence is perceived as indirectness (Piercy et al, 2005) or aloofness. In order to effectively treat physician-patients, both the hospital administration and mental health clinics should acknowledge and provide empathy for difficulties wrought by a physician-patient’s ethnic background.
Having a background of the patients’ cultural orientation is very important as a nurse because interpreting and analyzing behavior is not an easy task if one does not have any idea of the patient’s socio-cultural influences. Behavior is influenced by innate and outside forces thereby making the patients’ observable behavior not enough to conclude right away. One also has to be aware of the innate side.
Not all patients (or staff) are comfortable with using touch but I soon realised the boundaries with each individual patient.
Health care providers need to be culturally competent and aware of the assumptions that their own culture makes in order to effectively provide health care services with cultural sensitivity. What we deem appropriate, may cause extreme discomfort for some and we often make these assumptions unknowingly. Effective and culturally appropriate communication is the first step in achieving equity of access to health care. Non-verbal cues such as hand gestures, eye contact, smiling and other mannerisms differ between cultures and often affect how successful your health care interaction will be. (Fanany, R. 2012, p.232)
According to the ANA (American Nurses Association), it is the duty of nurse to protect the patient’s rights, safety, health and advocate for the patient. By treating the patient in an open area, invades their privacy, can cause embarrassment and most of all jeopardize trust between the patient and care giver. This negligent care could also lead to legal ramifications in the future against the hospital. By breaking this trust, the patient may also omit valuable information that could affect their treatment ultimately causing them harm. Some patients may become noncompliant with their prescribed treatment. It is essential that effective communication between patient and care provider occurs at all times. . Healthcare providers are obligated to give safe and effective care.
A patient’s culture background influences their behavior. But it is important for the nurse to keep in mind that not all patients from the same culture have the same values and beliefs. A nurse has to be aware of the patient’s cultural background and respect it. If a nurse stereotypes patient they may consider the nurse as insensitive and incompetent. Different patients perceive a nurse’s actions differently. For one patient, a nurse sitting close to them may perceive it as caring and warmth; another may perceive it as an invasion of their personal space. Asian, American Indian, Arab patients perceive eye contact as a sign of disrespect and they stare at something else when the nurse is talking to them. A nurse should be culturally aware of
By using touch, the nurse will enter the personal space of the patient. Discuss three ways you can incorporate touch into your daily practice. Identify one way that a person may react as you enter their personal space either with your touch or a close personal presence, and how can you address this issue? Include a personal experience you have had when using touch. Cite sources from the readings or online library.
Touch: touch is a very powerful means of communication. Lightly touching a person’s hand can convey your concern and affection for them. But as with eye contact, the touch has to be appropriate, and there are important cultural issues around touch that need to be understood. It’s also important that patient/clients give permission for you to touch them, something we looked at in more detail in
Review, describing Hollinger and Buschmann (1993) as the authors of the “Perception of Touch Instrument”, which considers study measures for analyzing various forms of touch with direct participant observations and data collecting through surveys for data analysis. Consistently, with and characterizing “therapeutic touch” as a form of nonverbal communication, which incorporates specific tactile movements, to induce a calming physical affect (Routasalo 1999, p. 846). Moreover, gentle human touch provides a sense of comfort, kindness, and caring in a non- intrusive fashion, which is not limited to patients or nurses, but is a universal unspoken language utilizing
Thank you Anna for the post. I agree with you that it is important to educate the patient on what to expect before, during, and after the surgery. If I am the patient going into surgery, I want to know ahead of time of what to expect so that I can prepare myself and not be out of the loop. For example, I went for teeth extraction last week. I appreciated the efforts of the dentist in providing me education and expectations regarding local anesthesia, during the extraction process, and the recovery phase before the actual extraction procedure happens. He also gave me printed discharge instructions on how to care after extraction. I learned better with one-to-one discussion and with printed materials when I am the patient. According to Blais
Communication is one of the most important things for our patients care. Being aware of any little changes in the plan of care can be very vital. For the NICU it could be as small as increasing feeds by 1ml or as major as we are going to start dopamine on your patient. This is more than just the bedside handoff that I mentioned in the previous paragraph that is Nurse to Nurse. This topic is nurse to nurse, Nurse to charge nurse, nurse to respiratory therapy, Nurse to medical team. Nurse to secretary. Another aspect that people may not realize is a part of communication and is an important aspect of patient safety is the design of the unit. From reading through Hua, Y., Becker, F., Wurmser, T., Bliss-Holtz, J., & Hedges, C. (2012) I found that
You make a great point in regards to communications and patient’s culture. As a result of globalization and the migration of health care workers, nurses need to highly educated in cultural diversity as well as effective communication. Even in a society, different social groups hold different meanings to terms (Crawford, Candlin and Roger, 2017).
Assumptions can happen as fast as a millisecond, because of looks, dress, or makeup. Therefore, I read an article the other day about ethnocentrism in the hospital. If you have never been a patient at a hospital, let me tell you the basics. When admitted to a hospital and the procedure will require an overnight stay, the patient would be assigned a room for the night, as well as a bed to sleep on. The patient, usually, would not be allowed to stand, or walk during their stay (for precautionary reasons). That being said, to receive the attention of a nursing assistant or a nurse, the patient is required to press a hand-held red button in order to obtain assistance to go for a walk, go to the bathroom, etc. This article that I came across told the story of a nurse, a patient, significant other, and a nursing assistant. In the
It is key for nurses to know how to use touch and in some cases patients will respond better to touch than trying to talk to them. Touching must be done appropriately, and it is up to the nurses to assess whether the patient would feel comfortable with them doing so. Not everyone would feel at ease with closeness and may feel their personal space imposed (Segal, 2016). Touch has also been found to be a very powerful tool when making a verbal desire and has been confirmed to increase the probability for the request to be carried out. For example, touching a patient while saying how important it is to take a particular medicine can make the patient more likely to comply.
South Korea has had an incredible journey in the past sixty years. It had been burned to the ground in a vicious civil war, and is now a top fifteen world economy and is rapidly becoming world's plastic surgery leader. It is known that American culture has come to dominate South Korea's culture in more ways than one. But the area in which it made great inroads is Korean ageism. Since America has gained cultural dominance over South Korea following America’s introduction of cosmetic surgery, they have become fixated on beauty enhancements, thus causing age discrimination to be rife. This group culture of ideal normalcy symbolizes America’s cultural dominance over South Korea.