Lab Notes On Embryonic Development

List the different immunoglobulin types and explain where they are found and what their functions are.

13. Know the ABO and Rh typing system: what antigens are expressed, how one tests for the antigens, and the significance in transfusions, etc.

12. Explain why more males tend to suffer from X-linked disorders than females. (5 points) Males tend to suffer from X-linked disorder more often than females because females have more X chromosomes than males.

The organism is usually found in the cell in a particular category of white blood cells with

To determine the blood type of each member, we placed two drops of the same blood into a single tray and used a new tray with new blood for each member. Once placing anti-a serum on Mr. Thomas’s blood sample, we mixed

What are the screen types for SCA, as well as, the other types of genetic anemias and how to differentiate between them?

In the case of the benign cold antibody being detected in the back type, it can make patients appear as if they are a subgroup of A or B, which is unlikely. These sorts of discrepancies can be resolved in a similar manner as in the forward type such as pre-warms and 37incubations. In addition, using group O cells as a negative control can tell the technologist if they are dealing with a cold reacting antibody or not.

Mr. Smith’s blood sample reacted to the anti-A and anti-Rh serum. With this information, we can conclude that his red blood cells contained A and Rh antigens; therefore, Mr. Smith’s blood type is A positive. Mr. Jones’ blood sample only reacted to the anti-B serum. Knowing this, we can conclude that his red blood cells contained B antigens; therefore, Mr. Jones’ blood type is B negative. Mr. Green’s blood sample reacted to the anti-A, anti-B and anti-Rh serum.

In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients.

4. In order for Mary to be type AB, John has to be either type AB or type B. However, type AB seems the correct choice because Jane’s mother is IAI. If John was type B, then there was a chance one of their children could have type O. I have to say John is type AB. John’s genotype is IAIB.

Let’s say a 16 year old boy with Type O- blood is involved in a motor vehicle accident and is in desperate need of blood. He has Type O- blood. His RBC’s don’t have any proteins on their surface. But remember we said that our bodies have antibodies or ammunition against the proteins that are not our own. So, his blood contains antibodies against A proteins, B proteins, and the Rh factor. We don’t want his body to adversely react with the donor’s blood. If his body attacks the transfused blood cells, the transfusion would be null and void. So, in this case, it would only be safe to give the patient Type O-blood. This example illustrates why the patient could only receive Type O blood because (point to slide) his blood would clump with

According to the Austrian Federal Ministry Health, the original terminology used by Karl Landsteiner in 1900’s for classification is A, B, and 0 (zero); the O (oh) that can be find in the ABO blood group system as a matter of fact is a posterior variation occurred during the translation process, probably due to the similar shape between the number 0 (zero) and the letter O (oh).

Niemann-Pick disease has many forms the most commonly known are types A, B there are other forms such as type C1,

There are four major blood groups expressed by the ABO system. All individuals and many other primates can be categorized for the ABO blood group. First, the blood group A has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma blood. Second, group B has B antigens with anti-A antibodies in the plasma blood. Next, group O develops no antigens but has together anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma blood. For group AB, it has both A and B antigens but no antibodies.

Blood grouping involves the use of ABO system as described by Karl Landsteiner. The grouping came into existence in the year 1900 after discovery by Nobel Prize winner Karl Landsteiner. He first discovered three blood types A, B, and O, but after two years he discovered the fourth blood group AB. This discovery led to four major types of blood that includes A, AB, B and O. The grouping depends on the presence of two chief antigens and antibodies. The two antigens responsible for blood grouping include A and B while the antibodies include anti-A and anti-B. The combination of the two antigens and antibodies thus determines the blood types. The blood type A has antigen A and antibody anti-B. The blood group B express Antigen B and antibody anti-A (Reid and Lomas, 2004). Blood group O express no antigen but possess antibodies