Land Cover Segregation Of Coastal Area Using K Means Algorithm

Georgia's coastal plain is full of wonder. Environmental and economic are two different things. There are so many facts about them for Georgia. This two passages Environmental Facts About Georgia's Coastal Plain and Economic Facts About Georgia's Coastal Plain have similarities and differences.The similarities about these two passages is how both passages describe the coastal plain though they are different, but passage number one talks about how the environment is helpful and Paragraph number two talks about how the coastal plain is helpful. The similarity is that they both talk about how it can help. Passage one can help animals and more plants grow it gives air, food, and water for the one that live there. Passage two talks about how it

If there are differences in the amount and type of vegetation from seashore to further inland.

The climate of the Coastal Plain is mild, with hot summers and cool winters with few hard freezes.

The Effects of Human Activity on Coastal Landforms Human activities add another layer of complexity to the natural processes of coastal lands and materials. These activities may have direct or indirect effects on our changing coastlines. They may effect sources of new sediment to the coast and the movement of sediment within the coastal environment. Sediment starvation caused by river and coastal management is one effect of human activities on the coast. For some coastal regions, such as the Pacific coast, a large part of their sediment is supplied by rivers.

These 16 features included 12 features calculated based on the 6 multispectral bands, which is mean value and standard deviation of these bands. In addition, we chose intensity, texture-variance, texture-mean, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for classifications. Finally, training samples were selected for each classification category based on the previously segmented and merged objects

Thus our proposed optimal feature subset selection based on multi-level feature subset selection produced better results based on number of subset feature produced and classifier performance. The future scope of the work is to use these features to annotate the image regions, so that the image retrieval system can retrieve relevant images based on image semantics.

Images were analyzed in GIS to identify and map features such as woody debris, rock outcroppings, shifting versus stable sand, and smooth limestone bottom.

A marine biome is a large aquatic zone that takes up almost 75% of Earth’s surface, has a salt concentration around 3%, and is distinguished from other biomes by its physical environment. According to Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, (2010), the habitats of a marine biome varies depending on the level of the sea that it exists (pp.382). The layers or “zones” that make up the marine biome consist of the pelagic realm, the intertidal zone, the photic zone, the aphotic zone, and the benthic realm.

We live in an age where most environments on earth have been impacted by anthropogenic activities. Chapin III et al (2001) contend that, “humans have been a natural component of most ecosystems for thousands of years” (p. 14). Humans interact with the environment in many ways: landscape modification, agricultural activities, urbanization, urban sprawl, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, stormwater runoff, and so forth; these anthropogenic activities can have detrimental environmental results. Satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and digital data can be used to analyze how anthropogenic activities impact environments spatially and temporally. This study will investigate how land cover has changed in the D’Olive Creek Watershed, located in Baldwin County, Alabama via the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing methods and technology. For the purpose of this study, “land cover” refers to how much of a region is covered by specified land and water types (e.g. forests, wetlands, impervious surfaces, and so forth).

The aim of this investigation was to give students an understanding of how the changes in and effects of the abiotic and biotic factors along a transect line from high tide to low tide in the mangroves, at Nudgee Beach. In this investigation, the abiotic and biotic factors affecting mangroves and how mangroves species at Nudge Beach deal with theses factors etc., as well as critical issues affecting mangroves ecology, will be discussed. Results and observations of the mangroves ecosystem at Nudge Beach were recorded over a time period of 1 day. Different equipment’s and chemicals were used to identify the levels of abiotic factors and biotic factors such as soil texture and colour, pH, air and soil temperature, relative humidity, speed of wind,

The area of the environmental regulation that relates closely to my proposed research is The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA). The CZMA was initiated as an act to preserve, protect, and restore, the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for future generations. This correlates with the restoration and protection of the ecological productivity, and biological diversity of the Apalachicola River. The issues associated with this include loss of freshwater, loss of wetland habitat, and point-source and nonpoint-source pollution.

The first head line was "The Island Times- The Best Place on Earth, Sea Haven Voted Planet's Top Town" this is trying to keep Truman there by saying that its the best and that there is no other place you should want to be because Seahaven is the best. The second head line was "Who Needs Europe" this one is saying that you shouldn't travel to Europe and that Seahaven is better. The third was titled "Crack Down on Homeless- Seahaven is Land City Fathers say enough is enough" this one was right after he saw his dad in town and they put this in the paper to say that it wasn't actually his "dad" that it was just some homeless guy.

Fact 7: Researchers surveyed North Carolina coastal homeowners asking what they valued in shoreline protection. It was found that the three criteria homeowners looked for were effectiveness, cost, and durability, in that order. Homeowners expressed that they believed bulkheads were the most effective way to protect shorelines from erosion and damage. Homeowners also believed that bulkheads were the most durable, but required the most maintenance. Next, homeowners were asked about property damage they suffered as a result of storms. Significantly, it was found that 97% of homeowners with bulkheads reported having costs associated with hurricane damage while only 75% of homeowners with living shorelines reported the same. In addition,

Using geographical information systems is the most effective means of allowing the process of ecological restoration in the United States coastal regions to begin to take effect. There are many studies that indicate that America’s coastal areas are being negatively affected by environmental and human impacts (Ebi 2007). Our oceans provide some of the most fundamental ecological services that maintain health and stability on the planet including the cycling of nutrients, water, and gases (Global Restoration Network 2017). Without allowing ecological restoration to take place, ecosystems will collapse and species will die, including a rise in the mortality rate of humans. Taking action is crucial in maintaining the world, and being wise in how it is done is even more so important. The technology is there, all that it needs is someone to implement it and realize its full potential.

Cost effective methods are necessary for broad-scale regular assessment of forest vigour cover complex terrain. Satellite derived vegetation indices such as NDVI can monitor large remote areas with an effective database for evaluating vegetation vigour. The value of NDVI varies from +1 to -1. The values nearer to +1 indicate dense vegetation and the values approximate to -1 indicates water bodies. The high percentages of spectral variance in individual scenes can be explained using TCT (Huang et al., 2002). The TCT greenness and wetness bands have a strong correlation to the percentage of vegetation cover. The greenness feature measures the presence and density of green vegetation (Crist et al., 1986).