Abstract
Lateralization of the developing brain in adolescents and toddlers has been explained through a series of different experimental tests. It is understood that the cerebral cortex is made up of the left and right hemispheres, and each hemisphere has a set of different functions that are responsible for various abilities. This paper discusses the effects of language lateralization, visuospatial memory and misconceptions of different variables effecting the advances of these two in the developing brain. Much of the continuous improvements made in technology have allowed us to understand and prove wrong false ideas that were previously made. For example, the effect gender has on lateralization in the brain of a child. Unfortunately, there
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The two hemispheres have their own basic functions that psychiatrists and researchers have concluded by a variety of different tasks performed by children, and brain monitoring technological devices arranged to devise results from. Research has allowed us to understand what happens during brain activity, and what areas in the brain are stimulated. The development of language production and visuospatial memory in the brain has been proved through new technology to exist and are visible, but how and why these two are formed and their origin are not entirely clear. In some studies and cases they “have used direct measures of cerebral lateralization, and have gotten mixed results” (Groen, Whitehouse, Badcock, & Bishop 2012). Understanding why there are differences in the effect of language production and visuospatial memory have on lateralization has stirred up some misconceptions. To better our understanding in regards to development of the two hemispheres, further studies can be done to learn more about how language production and visuospatial memory in relation to lateralization occur and advance in the developing …show more content…
They each perform separate functions. In typically right handed individuals attention to stimuli regarding language production produced brain activity in the left hemisphere while attention to stimuli regarding visuospatial memory is shown in the right hemisphere of the brain (Nielsen, Zielinski, Ferguson, Lainhart, & Anderson 2013). Researchers discovered this by monitoring the brain activity of children while given multiple tasks to perform. When tasks such as telling a story and word-picture matching, brain activity in the areas of the left hemisphere are shown through the fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), and when given tasks such as bilateral finger tapping and image discrimination tasks areas in the right hemisphere were shown (Holland et al., 2007). Through tests like the fMRI, we can recognize how the brain normally functions and acknowledge when brain activity is abnormal which usually results in asymmetrical lateralization. Detection of different activities in both sides of the hemispheres proves that lateralization exists in the cerebral
One Brain or Two?, Michael Gazzaniga and Roger W. Sperry explore the independent abilities of the two hemispheres in the brain, the left and right, by studying split-brain patients and their responses to certain tests. The tests are designed to examine the mental and perceptual capacities of the split-brain patients. With careful placement of objects or pictures, the first test measures the visual abilities of the patients. The second test measures the tactile cognition abilities of the patients by allowing them to feel an object behind a screen, then asking them to name the object. The third and more challenging test combines the visual test and tactile test to measure the auditory abilities of the patients. Each of these tests shows the different ways that the brain works in split-brain and normal brain humans alike.
Dual-language (DL) programs purpose is to create bilingual, and bicultural students without sacrificing these students’ accomplishments in school. The goals of (DL) programs are to offer quality instruction for language minority students and to provide instruction in a second language for English-speaking students. (Garcia, 2005) DL programs also target for biliteracy (the ability to read and write in two languages).
The human brain is a wondrous invention that has many scientists and researchers very busy to this very day. There are numerous qualities about the brain humans know about, yet there are still a great number of mysteries to the brain and how it functions left to be discovered and shared. Some facts scientists do know about the brain is that it is divided into to primary sections, called hemispheres. Each person has a left and right hemisphere of the brain. Each hemisphere is in charge of specific abilities, tasks, and functions. This paper will review what each hemisphere is responsible for and describe ways that each hemisphere is predisposed to learn.
Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor describes her experience of a stroke in her left hemisphere on December 10, 1996 causing her to lost the ability to move or talk, as well as her self awareness. Throughout her presentation, she mentions the basic functions of the two hemispheres of our brain: right and left hemisphere. Taylor argues both sides of the brain functions differently and process various of information. Taylor defines the right hemisphere of the human brain is about the “present moment” or “right here, right now”, it processes with pictures and learn physically based on our movements. She compares the right hemisphere to a “parallel processor”, whereas she compares the left hemisphere as a “serial processor”. Taylor defines the left hemisphere
This trend was also prevalent in the right hemisphere for bilinguals however not seen in monolinguals (x = 56, y = -53, z = 42; Z-score = 3.4; P<0.001). Voxel-based morphometry revealed that overall proficiency correlated negatively with age of acquisition (P<0.01; r=-0.855) and second-language proficiency correlated with grey-matter density in exactly the same left inferior parietal region previously identified by a different study (x = -48, y = -59, z = 46; Z-score = 4.1; P<0.05). (Mechelli, 2004)
Fine dissects the greater male lateralization (GML) hypothesis that males “are more strongly left hemisphere dominant for language processing and right hemisphere dominant for visuospatial processing” (Fine 280). Females, on the other hand, are thought to engage in both hemispheres
There are many myths about bilingualism having negative effects. One of those myths are that babies are hopelessly confused by exposure to two languages. However, studies have proven that learning more than one language as an infant is actually very beneficial and not difficult to do. According to Judith F. Kroll, babies develop the ability to discriminate the languages that they listen to and are more open to learning a new language. A study by Ferran Pons and other colleagues, revealed how bilingual children show an earlier attentional shift to the mouth. This is due to the fact that bilingual infants rely more on the perceptual salient of audiovisual speech cues in order to to construct two different language systems. Furthermore, another
because lateralization of function is not present in early infancy. The other is that hemispheric
In class on 9/18, we discussed the structures of the brain and how each part works. The brain has so many parts that it is almost impossible to remember all the parts and their functions. The brain is very complex, but the most interesting thing that was talked about was the two different hemispheres. We discussed how the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vise versa I found it very interesting that the left side of the brain controls more of our logic and grammar, and the right side of the brain controls more emotional expressions. When Dr. Yarnell discussed her story of her friend and her friend’s husband getting in a fight I think the way she told her to help resolve it was very interesting. Her response was to move into her left side
Pink’s argument that we are moving out of a left-brain dominance and in to a new era where right brain qualities will be prized is well illustrated in part one the book. According to Pink “the two hemispheres of our brain don’t operate as on-off switches…both halves play a role in nearly everything we do” (2011). Pink suggests that both hemisphere of the brain are equally important. In fact, “a healthy,
Mead & Hampson (1996) developed a study involving the divided visual field paradigm and a phonological rhyme/non-rhyme task to test the speed and accurateness of either side of the brain. This study was used to investigate functional asymmetry between the left and right hemispheres in phonological processing. The research was taken out equally on 15 male and 15 females London Metropolitan University students ranging from ages 18 – 35 years old. They were all specifically chosen to be right–handed and had English as their first language thus providing a fair experiment to see whether our left hemisphere (left side of the brain) or the right hemisphere is faster and more accurate. In conclusion using the mean and standard
For many decades people have been considered to be either right or left side dominant in regards to brain function which came with defined roles such as “creative” or “analytical”. This thinking tends to be over-simplified as most people use their entire brains daily (Jensen, 2010). On the other hand people do use different parts of their brain for different tasks according to how they perceive those tasks.
Discrepancies in Activated Brain Regions. While there are many overlaps in the cognitive processes involved in both mental rotation and sign language, resulting in similar brain activation patterns, many researchers still dispute over which cortical regions are activated during these tasks. For example, while many studies have reported right parietal cortex activation during mental rotation (Lane et al., 2011; Harris et al., 2000), Alivisatos and Petrides (1997) reported activation of the left posterior-superior parietal cortex during mental rotation tasks proportional to the angle discrepancy between the two rotated objects. In addition, contradicting the results of these studies suggesting lateralization of spatial abilities, Carpenter et
Left-right brain dominance is about the fact that the distinct hemispheres influence thinking. The left hemisphere is associated with logical, analytical thinking and a linear approach to problem solving. The right hemisphere is associated with creative, intuitive and value-based thought process. It is important to note that everyone uses its both hemispheres, but to varying degrees. Four quadrants of the brain, related to different thinking style, have been identified:
The evolutionary trend of cephalization brings upon a bilateral symmetry of organized development which in embryology leads to a development of an anterior brain in chordates. This trend continues with lateral symmetry, lateralization, to where there are left and right handed lateralizations. Specialization can occur when the left and right hand hemisphere can be altered specifically, allowing for separate changes in lateralization in either direction, which can be beneficial with things such as cognition and performing two different tasks at the same