Language Pedagogy and Teaching Strategies
Recent decades has witnessed the method of language teaching in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has a shift from grammar-translation toward Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (Brandl, 2007). During the 20th century, as increased attention was paid to the demand of communication skills, grammar-translation method which emphasizing knowledge of grammatical rules and translation activities was no longer effective (Richards & Rodgers, 2001). In Australia, CLT is a preferred approach to be adopted for second language teaching (Fernandez, 2008). Therefore, the pedagogy of CLT incorporating an array of supportive teaching strategies will be implemented in my LOTE teaching to ensure that all L2 learners are engaged, challenged and learning successfully.
Communicative Language Teaching
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a method to teach modern languages that focuses on learning to communicate. In terms of principles of CLT, Kumaravadivelu (2006, p.118) asserts that “language is a system for expressing meaning and the central purpose of language is communication”. It seems that from the perspective of CLT, language is a tool for meaningful communication. Berardo (2006) claims that the concept of authenticity is essence to CLT including authentic materials, tasks and language use. It is likely that the success of CLT could be achieved through implementing authentic materials and meaning-focused tasks in language teaching and
The use of translation in the classroom as a teaching method is a valid method to teach english as a foreign language. Over the years, translation as a teaching method has being avoided as a technique to use at the classroom. With the development of different approaches and methods such as communicative approach or the audiolingual method, which looks for the students to learn with the least possible use of speakers’ native language. According to Richards (2006) to learn how to communicate language people need competence which includes different real-life situations; grammar does not fulfil these roles and as far of the learning, in other words, learning by only speaking and practicing the target language other abilities would eventually be
During my PGCE placements I felt I have used a wide variety of assessment, teaching and learning strategies. I feel that this is absolutely necessary in terms of providing the best possible service to the pupils. To be repetitive, predictable and non-contemporary with such strategies is to compromise the effectiveness of your teaching and limit the chance of achieving your Learning Objectives.
Communicative CALL is based on the communicative approach to foreign language teaching which became prominent in the 1970’s and 1980’s.
Acquiring and learning a second language do not refer only to handling oral communication skills. It is more than that; it takes the students´ abilities in enhancing their lexicon, their management in syntax, and their perspective about words´ influences in people. Thus, summing this up, it is indispensable that ESL students have a grand deal about linguistic knowledge. In other words, ESL learners not only require speaking, but also reading, writing and thinking in English when they complete whatever English career.
I will highlight in this research precisely at how to avoid the lack of communications in the classroom by clarifying the big rule of Communicative language teaching (CLT) in both, improving communications skills and creating the best field of practicing new vocabulary, grammar rules and pronounce words correctly.
More than 90% of the students at both levels believed that the communicative teaching approach focuses on speaking skills (because students are exposed to various communicative activities, such as group discussions, role playing, and debating). However, the components of communicative competence, which are linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic competence (Dai & Chen, 2008; Hedge, 2000), and the purpose of CLT are far more complicated While Looking at English language as the accepted international means of communication and thus become the second language of non-English speaking countries, educators and governments in East Asian countries are intensively addressing the need to increase the number of people in their population who can communicate effectively in
In the long history of language learning, especially in the case of learning English as L2, educationalists have been tirelessly trying to explore more and more practical approaches that ranged from conventional methods like Grammar translation method, Direct method, Situational Language Teaching etc., to the latest mode of communicative approach. The conventional teaching methods - the unsuccessful result of the earlier language theories, were proved to be ineffective, because it was felt in all the methods, that the learners were passive and the teaching-learning process was mechanical. Hence during the 1960s, a new trend of language teaching called Communicative Language Teaching paved its way into classrooms in the early 1960’s and has
In his article, “My and Misconceptions about Second Language Learning,” published in 1992, Barry McLaughlin listed five major myths and misconceptions held by the general public, or specifically by some second language teachers, as well as some contradictory viewpoints about second language learning held by different scholars. In his five main arguments, he puts specific emphases on his suggestions for second language teachers about second language teaching and learning to dispel these five myths and misconceptions. Though diverse and comprehensive, McLaughlin’s synthesis of relevant language teaching and learning studies does not provide enough connections among the sources he mentioned, and relevant viewpoints are repeated and overlapped.
Over decades several changes have been witnessed in the field of teaching foreign languages, indicating shift from teaching methodology to strategic language learning. Language learning Strategies is a pertinent topic in the field of second and foreign language education taking credit from enormous studies that what an important role language learning strategies play in the acquisition of foreign and second language.
When teaching English as a foreign language, the teacher must be conscious to develop four different language skills in the students – listening, speaking, reading and writing. The activities and strategies used to develop these skills must be determined by the level and ability of the students being taught. This essay will discuss the strategies that facilitate the development of each language skill in the EFL classroom; the examples of activities used will be in the context of B2 level students, a classroom full of individuals who are able to function as independent users of the English language.
Communicative language teaching is an approach to develop communicative competence by establishing real life situations. I want to explain the communicative competence. It is a terminology introduced by Dell Hymes, which refers to the ability to use and interpret the language appropriately and effectively according to where, whom, when and why you are talking to. The writers explain the communicative language teaching differently in their articles from the others. The articles in the ELT Journal offer interesting debates on CLT. On one side, Bax (2003) proposes that CLT should be abandoned since the methodology fails to take into account the context of language teaching. On the other side, Liao (2004) suggests
The communicative approach or the functionalist method is based on the interaction inside the classroom between the teacher and the students. According to Widdowson 1979, “The communicative approach focuses on the communication as the central goal of using language. The term communication has been broadly defined by proponents of communicative language teaching”. The main points of the communicative approach may be summed up as
In the long history of language learning, especially in the case of learning English as L2, educationalists have been tirelessly trying to explore more and more practical approaches that ranged from conventional methods like Grammar translation method, Direct method, Situational Language Teaching etc., to the latest mode of communicative approach. The conventional teaching methods - the unsuccessful result of the earlier language theories, were proved to be ineffective, because it was felt in all the methods, that the learners were passive and the teaching-learning process was mechanical. Hence during the 1960s, a new trend of language teaching called Communicative Language Teaching paved its way into classrooms in the early 1960’s and has been widely acclaimed by educationists so far. The present paper glimpses briefly the emergence of the learner-friendly,
Effective language learning is the necessity of time. No matter in which discipline you are or what field of occupation you have effective language is a vital goal to success, which cannot be ignored. There are several standards, which determine the criteria for effective language and the learning processes. However, determining a standard is the first and foremost element in this regard. Language teaching and language learning are two entirely different fields, which have their
Although CLT remains the most dominant/effective approach to language teaching (Thompson, 1996), particularly in the absence of “serious successors or systematic challengers” (Andrewes, 2005, p. 5), it has been subject to a great deal of criticism by academics and practitioners.