Leg 500: Assignment 3: Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility

Overall, deontology is based upon not just by following universal rules or performing what is ought to do, but by respecting human beings as rational beings as well. Deontology judges the ethical motive of an action not by its consequences, merely by the reasoning behind it.

“Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes one’s duty to do a particular action just because the action, itself, is inherently right and not through any other sorts of calculations – such as the consequences of the action” (Boylan, 2009, p. 171). In many aspects deontology is contrasted with utilitarianism. Deontology is based upon principle and does not calculate the consequences (Boylan, 2009, p. 171). Deontology attracts those seeking a stronger moral attraction because it refers to commanding rather than commending and commanding is a stronger structure (Boylan, 2009, p. 172). The

The deontology theory is the moral obligation to act in accordance with a certain set of principles and rules regardless of the outcome (Kantian Duty Base Deontological Ethics, n.d.). It is an ethics of duty. To determine whether Susan should have her sentence commuted from a deontological standpoint, two formulations of the categorical imperative of the theory has to be met. The first is the principles of universalizability where the actions must be willed universally without exception (PL 360: Week 3 – Do the Right Thing, n.d.). What this is saying is the action has to done the same all

Deontology or also know as Deontology ethics is an approach that is taken that determines the goodness and rightness of a specific act or rules and duties that a specific person has to perform. Deontology is the complete opposite of consequentialism. Consequentialism is the where the outcome of an act has a major influence and not the actual act itself. In better words it is what comes after the action that is made and not the action itself. As for deontology an action can be considered right or something acceptable even if the outcome of the action is something bad. A perfect example for deontology would be “ do onto others what you would have them do onto you.” This is just something that

Stakeholders are individuals or groups that partake, or assert, possession, privileges, or benefits in a, organization and its accomplishments, previously currently, and in the upcoming (Barrett, 2001). These requested privileges or benefits are the result of communications with, or activities reserved by the organization, and they must be lawful or ethical, separate or combined Stakeholders with comparable benefits, entitlements, or privileges can be categorized as fitting into the similar collection: personnel, investors, and clients (Barrett, 2001). The better the impact these groups have on client’s lives and the extra community assets with which they are assigned, and it becomes vital that they are responsible (Barrett, 2001).

In healthcare the stakeholders are key element of the organization. The stakeholders are the Providers, Payers, Employers and Patients. The stakeholders are individuals with some stake or concern in the process. The customers want the lowest rate and the highest quality of provision. The employers want job security, a decent workplace and benefits. The corporation desires to see the highest revenue for the lowest total cost.

“Deontologists … not only assign more weight to our own avoidance of wrongdoing—where wrongdoing is understood as violating the rule—than to the interests of others, they also require that we assign more weight to our own avoidance of wrongdoing than we do to the avoidance of wrongdoing tout court, or the prevention of wrongdoing of others” (1993, p. 207).

Deontology considers an action to be right iff it is in accordance with a moral rule or principle. A deontological moral rule is one that (i) is laid on us by god, (ii) is required by natural law, (iii) is laid on us by reason, (iiii) is required by nationality, (iiiii) would command universal rational acceptance, and (iiiiii) would be the object of choice of all rational beings (Hursthouse, Virtue Theory and Abortion, 224). This provides the link between right action, moral rule, and rationality. The deontologist Don Marquis would respond to the utilitarian argument by suggesting that the consequences of abortion are irrelevant because abortion violates a fundamental and unconditional duty.

“Stakeholders (or interest groups) are tangible, visible and approachable groups or institutions which have a direct influence on the functioning of an organisation.”

Deontological ethics are based on moral obligations, duties and rights. Rules are to guide decision making in deontological ethics. Deontological ethics have a more individualistic focus, as individuals are supposed to be treated with respect and dignity (Sexty, 2011, 7).

Describe the main principles of the two normative ethical theories of deontology and utilitarianism. Compare and contrast the two theories, bringing out any problems or limitations you see in each.

The Deontological ethics is marked by steadfastness to universal principles—for example, respect for life, fairness, telling the truth, keeping promises—no matter what the consequences (Halbert, Law & Ethics in the Business Environment. pg. 17).

In the late 18th century one of the most influential philosophers by the name of Immanuel Kant introduced the third major ethical philosophy, Deontology. The basis behind Deontology is that people are duty bound to act morally by certain standards despite the outcome. Determining whether a person’s actions are morally right involves look at the intent of the actions. Like other ethic theories, Deontologist applies the golden rule of treating other people the way you would want them to treat you. Deontology can be broken down into three different theories: agent-centered, patient centered, and contractualist. Each branch of Deontology can be traced back in some way to Immanuel Kant. Can Deontology be applied to today’s society?

Primary stakeholders are those people who are active members of the Healthcare Group such as board of directors, functional members, shareholders, patient, senior manager and employees. For the success of a Healthcare organization, management of the stakeholders is an important step.

Internal stakeholders are part of HCA and typically have a vested interest in the success of the project because of their role and/or from a company perspective. They stand to gain or lose something based on the organization’s success and they can identify dependencies that are tied directly to the work being done. Examples of internal stakeholders at HCA include: Business Owner (the owner of a specific line of business operation), Product Owner (the owner of the technical aspect for a specific line of business operation), Finance, Quality Assurance, Product Development, Information Protection and Security, Business Solutions Analysts, Executives (e.g. CEO, CFO, and CIO), the Board of Directors, department Managers and Directors, Human Resources, Subject Matter Experts, HCA employed physicians, and Procurement. External stakeholders can still be part of HCA but their interest is strictly due to the fact they could be impacted by the outcome of the work being done. External stakeholders at HCA include: shareholders, customers, vendors, government agencies, patients, non HCA employed physicians, the community, and other hospital organizations.