Libya Research Paper

Libya is a country east of Egypt with just over 6,000,000 people. Libya’s first ruler was King Idris I, he was elected after World War II when the people were looking for a new leader. He was Libya's only King. He established embassies with many large countries such as the U.S. and also allowed U.S. military to come in to restore and maintain the rights of the Libyan people in his first decade as a king. After King Idris I died in 1969, Libya fell apart. A new ruler, Gaddafi, began destroying Libya and its government. In 1972 tensions increased so much between the American and Libyan governments the American ambassador was removed from the embassy in Tripoli. In 1979 all American embassy workers were removed after an attack. In 2011 the people

Unlike what is emphasized by Obama in Extract 1, vast social reforms, immense welfare program, infrastructure-building were underway in Libya. As have been mentioned previously, Libya was one of the Africa’s most prosperous country due to the reforms that were done under Gaddafi’s regime. And as a result, by the time the 2011 crisis was unfolding, few people, mainly in the western world, were inclined to have any sympathy for Gaddafi or take any of his claims seriously, and the attempt of showing Gaddafi in a bad light quickly spread through the western mainstream media and Gaddafi had become hated in the western world. But the trigging factor is that, contrary to popular belief which had been transmitted by so many people, like Barack Obama, Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, whom was often portrayed as “tyrant” and “dictator” was in fact, Africa’s most prosperous democracy-according to the United Nations Development Index, prior to the U.S.-led intervention in 2011; according to the same index(see fig6), Libya had the highest GDP per capta, the lowest infant mortality and the highest life expectancy in all of Africa(see

Following the United Nations (UN) supported declaration of independence in 1951, the United States (U.S.) established diplomatic relations with Libya. Due to Libya being an active member of the international community, the U.S. has strategic interests in a stable Libya and to continue indorsing support for a free, democratic Libya (Libya, n.d.). Furthermore, building democratic institutions, protecting the universal rights of all Libyans, promoting accountable and honest government, rebuilding its economy, and establishing security throughout the country are challenges Libya faces. The following paper will discuss Libya in relation to the U.S.’s involvement and continued significance to regional security and U.S. national security (Affairs, 2013). The U.S. has focused on supporting capacity building efforts within Libya’s government institutions, developing civil society and facilitating free and fair elections since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 (Libya, n.d.). Instability in Libya would significantly affect the world’s U.S. based major oil companies invested and operating within Libya. Furthermore, the U.S. has a trade and investment framework agreement with Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, of which Libya is a member to consider if sanctions are once more placed upon Libya (Libya, n.d.). To counter this instability, the U.S. coordinates projects with the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). U.S. targeted assistance to Libya

Libya’s location was, overall, desirable since it was close to Italy. In 1871, the unification of Italy created a surge of Italian nationalism which led the Italians to believe they deserved their own overseas empire, alongside European powers, and an ideal that Italy was the successor state to the Roman Empire, called mare nostrum. Italy viewed Libya as a chance to redeem themselves from their sense of isolation from European powers and emerge as a colonial power. Italy had previously considered colonizing the French province of Tunisia. In 1879, Italy finally considered annexing Tunisia but by then, France had already shown interest in

Muammar Gaddafi was born in 1942 to a nomadic family near Sitre, Libya. Gaddafi was inspired by the socialism and anti-colonialism of Gamal Abdel Nasser while growing up (Finn). He attended a military college and spent several months in Britain receiving further training before he was commissioned (Finn). While attending school he made friends with his eventual co-conspirators (Finn). On September 1, 1969, Gaddafi and his co-conspirators took control of Libya in a bloodless coup (Finn). “An eager disciple of President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt,Gaddafi first set about tackling the unfair economic legacy of foreign domination.For Nasser, it was the Suez Canal. For Gaddafi, it was oil.”(Asser). Large

Changes in life are very strong and effective on the personality, point of view, and thoughts toward everything, set aside tiny life changes like cereal brands, hair styles and different routes to work or school, although these changes might cause memorable bad days they don’t qualify as an imprint that might change you as a person. Cultural changes on the other hand, without doubt qualify for imprinting strongly on your life, how this culture walks, speaks, dresses and is seen by the world would without doubt pressure you into changing your point of view in the world, whether it was just a getaway travel to a new place or a complete move or transfer, seeking settlement

Libya started its modern history with Italian conquest and industrialization as an Italian colony, but they soon became independent after involvement in world conflict. The 1912 Treaty of Lausanne officially granted the Italian Kingdom power over Tripoli and Cyrenaica in Libya. This treaty resulted from the Italo-Turkish war fought over North Africa; this marked the beginning of Italian Imperialism in Libya. Italian rule in Libya played a pivotal role in the industrialization of Libya. Italy built railroads, highways for the military, and improved agriculture to support a growing population. This was Libya’s first modern ruler and the beginning of Libya’s industrialization. This industrialization was crucial to the development of Libya as

First, Gaddafi was deluded by his beliefs as a revolutionary, in that he thought that his people would not rise against him . Even during the Libyan revolts in 2011, Gaddafi said in an interview that, “They love me. All my people [are] with me. They love me all. They would die to protect me”. His views made it difficult for him to believe that the Libyan people would revolt because that notion completely contradicts his view that he was harmonious with Libya itself. Even while he was in the middle of dealing with uprisings, he put the blame on outside influences, like the West or Al-Qaeda drugging Libyan people. He may have known the reality of the revolts but chose to ignore

Lebanese emigrated for so many different reasons that depend on the individuals. For some Lebanese they depart for economic reasons; they leave from Lebanon to work, and think to come with good money, but they stay emigrated because they get used to their new life outside of Lebanon. Lebanon is a small country, the citizens are growing dramatically, there are not enough jobs for everyone; so they are forced to leave the country to look for jobs. According to Pearlman, the Crown Junior Chair in Middle East Studies and Assistant Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University, “Destination countries vary in three dimensions that interact to affect migrants’ connectedness to their home countries: resources, integration, and proximity” (107). The individuals emigrates because they want to

Bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, and completely enclosed by the Sahara Desert, Libya is a low-populated country that was once was a part of the Roman province of New Africa. While the sum region is close up to 680,000 square miles, the population is close to merely 5.6 million, appearing in a low community frequency of 9.4 persons every square mile. Libya has a Parliamentary Government. A parliamentary democracy is a democratic form of government in which the party with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government. So instead of having the separation of powers like we do here in the United States, Libya’s government has its powers placed in one main section.

The French initiated military action against Libya on March 19, 2011, with NATO taking over operational control of the action on March 25, 2011. Again, under the leadership of NATO, air power was deployed to stop human rights abuses on the ground. This time, the use of force was authorized by the UN Security Council. NATO’s intervention came in the form of an air campaign—the so-called operation “Unified Protector”--which targeted Libyan air defense capabilities, government facilities, military facilities, and military troop formations on the ground without contemplating a follow-on ground campaign.

The crisis in Libya came from the wider spread of unrest throughout the Northern parts of Africa and the Middle East. This crisis stemmed from ongoing pro-democracy protests that had been going on throughout a zone that had been under a very long authoritarian rule in all political aspects (Shah, 2011).

As current events continue to unfold, a part of the Arab world is at a major crossroads, pursuing a change in foreign policy and a new attitude toward the West not witnessed in at least three decades. A departure from international isolation is preceding a steadily growing rapprochement with the world’s military hegemon. This poses the prospect of a future as a key player in not only its own regional affairs but in major global politics, as well as the opportunity for greater economic growth and development and the establishment of integrated multilateral trade. But the country in question is not Iraq or Iran or any of the other familiar members of the Persian Gulf- it is Libya, one of the most isolated and overlooked states in

Libya is an Arab nation located in North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Chad and Niger to the south, Egypt to the east, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west (UNESCO, 2014). With a populace well over six million, the Libyan culture is 97% Berber and Arab Muslims with the remaining 3% consisting of an assortment of Greeks, Italians, Turks, Egyptians, Maltese, Indians, Pakistanis, and Tunisians that have various religious and cultural practices (UNESCO, 2014). With Islam as the dominant cultural system in the region, a multitude of cross-cultural communication challenges can present for any public relations (PR) company attempting to conduct or introduce business practices in the region. Established in 1971 with

Italy, like most countries, conquered other countries for the purpose of benefitting their economic and political needs. According to Martin Moore, “What in effect is taking place is a State-financed and officially-organised mass-migration of Europeans, from an over-crowded temperate Europe, to a barren non-European country overseas” (Moore 1). However, Italy was the last country to explore and conquer the land in Africa, which limited the amount of land available to them. This was shown in the colonization of Libya. Libya was not a country that was ideal to colonize because of their stationary civilization and monotheistic religion. Regardless, Italy was determined to conquer this land for the benefit of the natives and Italy itself. Carlo Schanzer writes, “In short, Italy wishes to govern her African colonies by introducing her surplus man-power among backward populations and integrating the two, never by unnecessarily substituting the former for the latter” (Schanzer 448). Italy intended to do this through focusing on giving justice, order, hygiene, communications, and education to Libya.