Literature Review

The stakeholder group that will gain most of the benefit from lowering the drinking age to 18 is the alcohol companies. In a sense, the stakeholders between ages 18 and 20 and alcohol companies go hand in hand. Because these young adults are, for the most part, eager to purchase alcohol, the potential skyrocket in sales for that age group would ensure massive profits for alcohol companies. This is made clear considering that underage drinkers in the United States consumed “an estimated 19.7% of the total alcohol consumed”

Aggression and violence in and around drinking establishments remains a significant problem in most parts of the world, especially as the night-time economy expands. In a new monograph, Raising the Bar (2008), Kate Graham and Ross Homel comprehensively reviewed what is known about the causes of aggression in bars, clubs and pubs, drawing to a considerable extent on their own research over the past 20 years. They concluded that while there were some promising approaches there was little scientifically reliable evidence to guide policy. Nor, despite these promising approaches, was there evidence of sustainable reductions of violence in licensed environments. The challenge therefore to the field, appeared to be twofold. First, could a model be developed that was capable of reducing alcohol related violence, and of sustaining those reductions long term? Secondly, could a scientifically defensible research design be developed and operationalised, which could test such a model in a number of different settings, thereby indicating the flexibility of the model while also maintaining

Alcohol impairs a person’s judgement and can increase aggressive behaviors (it does most of the time). Alcohol related crime/violence rates are rising very quickly throughout the country. There are two million incarcerated men and women in the United States, and 37% of those people admit to drinking before being arrested. When it comes to rape and sexual assault, 90% of cases involve the drinking of alcohol. Almost 30% of inmates reported being under the influence of alcohol or drugs when committing murder. Almost 3 million violent crimes happen a year in which alcohol is involved. In addition, 95% of all violent crimes reported at American colleges involve alcohol. It has been proven that binge drinking or prolonged drinking can lead to acts that are more violent and that can put other people around the drinker in serious danger. Substance abuse plays a huge role in these violent crimes. The more a person drinks the less they can control their actions and how violent they become.

Recent studies show that approximately fifty-three percent of adults in the United States have one or more close relatives that have drinking problems. Alcohol Abuse has cost the United States more than 220 billion dollars in 2005 alone. Problem drinkers are most often found in young adults between the ages of 18 and 29 years old, and the fewest in adults who are 65 years of age or older. Alcohol Abuse is one of the major risk factors for violence, and research shows that fifty percent of all homicides and forty percent of all assaults in the United States are alcohol related. In the United States, more than forty percent of the people who start drinking when they are fourteen years old or younger are more likely to become alcoholics than those who don’t. One in ten Americans, currently have alcohol problems.

Alcohol is a substance that is very dangerous to people so almost anyone can agree that children or even young adults under the age of twenty-one should not be allowed to consume or receive it. The consequences can differ if used immaturely or mostly incorrectly. It can be great danger to the consumers or the environment surrounding them. The subject of lowering or raising the drinking age has been a discussion for many years. This topic has not been resolved even though the drinking age has risen and fallen many times. Health complications is one major danger when there is underage drinking, as well as other risks where it can be misused if taken under the wrong circumstances.

When thinking of alcohol, individuals may associate this substance with fun, partying, friends, and the feeling of being invincible. Although there are a legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age in various countries, it is easily accessible to those who are underage. Alcohol is a monitored and controlled substance that can be purchased legally, yet there are many concerns that surround the substance. There are pros, cons, and different patterns regarding alcohol and the legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age. As a result of alcohol use, there have been many fatalities and injuries due to impaired driving, while also being linked to patterns of violence, dependence, and aggression. Current debates surrounding Minimum Legal Drinking Ages (MLDA) state that the legal purchasing and drinking age should be lowered. The legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age should not be lowered as it could result in more fatalities and injuries among young adults, an increase in alcohol dependence, and increase acts of aggression and violence within society. There are many factors to consider when studying current legal alcohol age debates such as factors of Public Health and Safety, factors of addiction, and socio-economic factors. There have been many studies surrounding this issue in many places of the world such as various parts of the world, such as Canada, the United States, and New Zealand. These studies take the various factors and differing drinking ages into consideration.

Alcoholism is a problem experienced in many societies and covers issues associated with intake of alcohol (Schneider, 1978). In most cases, it is used to refer to addictive and uncontrolled use or abuse of alcohol such that the health, relationships and social status of a person is eroded. Due to its negative effects on users, it is considered as a bad practice in the society. Alcoholism is contributed by many social issues concerning users as well as society and is largely accepted as a social deviance behavior. However, according to Schneider (1992), deviant drinking has been

When young people early exposure to behavioral pattern of alcohol consumption of parents of family history of alcohol problems, this will cause to increase the risk of behavioral drinking in adolescence. For instance, young people who exposure to physical and sexual abuse during childhood, consequently they turn later to drinking behavior as a solution to their trauma. Moreover, a heavy and binge drinking by young people can be a mechanism for coping with stress or anxiety. Adolescents are also more likely to get involved in a fight when they drink alcohol, compared with when they were calm. Besides, alcohol is a major factor in fatal traffic crashes that cause of death among

Anyone who is below eighteen years of age is considered as underage and laws in many countries prohibit such a person from consuming alcohol. Alcohol happens to be the most commonly abused drug not only among the youth but also among adults. This paper explores underage drinking, its effects on the society and outlines what can be done to curb it.

Alcoholism is one of the most intractable and pervasive psychological disorders known. Though the negative health consequences of alcohol are widely understood, and, if anything, the social consequences of alcoholism are even more widely acknowledged, it seems that no matter what steps are taken by public health officials or private organizations, no strategy can ever be fully developed for eradicating alcoholism. There are a number of reasons why this is true. This paper will explore some of the social and medical problems created by alcohol, but in it I will also consider the role of alcohol in my personal life and the way I have seen the disease play out in the lives of people around me. The paper will also examine the social and political responses to the problem of alcoholism and attempt to determine where productive approaches have been taken and areas where mistakes have been made. Before discussing such wide-ranging questions, it is important to understand what alcoholism is and how it is manifested.

Underage drinking has always been a problem and it's only getting worse more and more throughout the years. Underage drinking impacts many people and the situation that they have easy access, alcohol can cause health issues, and also that children don’t know the affects and consequences of underage drinking is a real problem in today's society. Thus, underage drinking is a problem that requires a good solution to solve this problem.

The focus of this paper will be based upon different crime prevention strategies implemented by members of the communities, local and government authorities.

Alcohol use and violence are common in our society because many participate in drinking as a social activity, whether it is casual or frequent. Alcohol related violence happens when an individual has consumed an amount to cause his or her actions to become uncontrollable and resulting in a criminal act being committed. (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1997) Understanding the nature

This assignment will define alcohol and crime and discover whether there is a strong link between the use of alcohol and crime. Findings and statistics will also be used to present the Information. Laws and legislations put in place about the consumption of alcohol will also be presented including the pros and cons of alcohol along with a conclusion of my thoughts and beliefs in relation to the link between alcohol and crime. "Alcohol reduces our ability to think straight," says Professor McMurran, a psychologist at the University of Nottingham."It narrows our focus of attention and gives us tunnel vision."If someone provokes us while we're drunk, we don't take other factors into account, such as the consequences of rising to the bait.

Information and communication technology has been adopted and implemented within various sectors of the economy. This is attributed to the benefits of technology in facilitating organizational activities and processes and its use in meeting the changes which characterize the modern society. The health sector is one of the industries which have significantly implemented technology. The health sector’s technological applications have been achieved within health information systems. The implementation of technology in this sector has resulted into both positive and negative implications on health