Literature Review Of Literature : Daphnia Magna

I will say that as much as the expression “Canary in the coal mine” implies an early warning of danger in mines so does it in water too. In this case the fish directly helps us know the extent to which our ecological sphere is damaged, and helps humans to take the necessary precautions to save the environment.

The projects purpose was to determine the effects of alcohol and caffeine on the heartbeat rate in Daphnia Magnus. Our hypothesis is alcohol causes a decrease in heart rate, whereas caffeine causes an accelerated heart rate, predicting that the more caffeine we give the daphnia the faster it heartbeat rate will become and the heartbeat rate will decrease as we give the Daphnia alcohol. After doing the experiment we found that the more caffeine we added to the Daphnia Magna the faster its heartbeat rate became. We also found that

This lab covered the effects of caffeine, nicotine, caffeine extract and nicotine extract on the pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus, commonly known as blackworms. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the organism’s body. Blackworms do not possess a respiratory system or a heart, thus they circulate their blood through contractions of the blood vessels. The pulsation rate was observed along the dorsal blood vessel near the posterior end of the worm to give better readings. The various drugs were exposed to the black worm and the effects it had on the pulsation rate were observed. The results found in this experiment could also relate to the effects of these

In Exercise 1, diaminofluorene is used to determine the hemoglobin concentration in the daphnids. A higher hemoglobin concentration is indicated by a darker blue color. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the absorbance at 610nm. When measuring the absorbance levels a blank is necessary to have a zero reference, the blank is the “starting point” for the measurements of the sample (re-word). The blank consists of 10µL of diaminofluorene(DAF), 50µL of hydrogen peroxide, and 0.5mL of PBS. The PBS acts as a buffer in this experiment. The cuvette with the sample of daphnids consisted of 10µL of DAF, 50µL of hydrogen peroxide, and 0.5mL of the sample of Daphnia. In Exercise 2, the Pasteur pipette was used to obtain the sample of Daphnia. The depression slide used in this experiment isolated the daphnid, cotton was used to keep the daphnid still while the heartbeat was counted. The ocular micrometer on the microscope allows the tail spine length to be measured accurately, as well as using an ocular magnification table.

The effects of caffeine and alcohol on daphnia are expressive of whether these substances are harmful or beneficial to the organism. By understanding the results of this experiment, it may also be understood how these substances effect humans. In this study, one daphnia was exposed to increasing levels of alcohol, while the other was exposed to increasing levels of caffeine, each in order to test the hypothesis that when given amounts of caffeine and alcohol, the daphnia will be affected the same way a human would. The effect of each substance was measured by the daphnia’s heart rate one minute after the substance was added. Results reveal that alcohol slows the heart rate, while caffeine increases heart rate. Furthermore, caffeine shows a

Energy drinks have no curative benefit, and many components have not been studied deeply and not monitored. The reports of toxicity raise concern for potentially serious unpropitious effects in association with energy drink use. For the temporary period, paediatricians need to be aware of the likely consequences of these beverages on the vulnerable groups and share the adverse effects of its consumption to educate individuals. Long-term research should intend to comprehend the effects in at-risk groups. Toxicity inspection should be enhanced, and ordinances of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on suitable

downwards during the day to avoid visual predators and upwards during the night to feed in

It was proven that coffee, tea, adrenaline, and diet pill increased the heart rate of the daphnia. Adrenalin increased the heart rate the most, followed by coffee then the diet pill and finally tea. The sleeping pill decreased the heart rate slightly by six percent. Coffee was slightly higher than tea as also predicted because coffee was more caffeinated. During the experiment the heart rates were gathered through observation so there is a possibility for human error.

In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on the environment. Daphnia is a water flea used in this experiment because of its genomic infrastructure with wide range of phenotypic diversity. This quality of Daphnia makes them a versatile model for the experiment. Also their transparent body allows the experimenter to visually see how the heart beats and count them under the light microscope during the experiment as required. The heart rate of Daphnia is monitored under different concentration of caffeine solution and the results are shown in a table and a graph. Experiment carried out to locate the effects of caffeine on a heart rate of Daphnia may or may not be a predictor of change in human heart rate under caffeine. The effects of caffeine can also be tested on humans but those experiment involving humans contains high risk, as Daphnia can only live for a short period of time and in nature most of them get eaten within their first few days or weeks of life.

For each test solution and base HR, the daphnia was submerged for ten-minutes to allow the chemicals to take effect, for daphnia are ectotherms and their body adapts to the surrounding environment. The data in Table 1 and Graph 1 answer the question of whether a daphnia, when exposed two depressants, i.e. melatonin and ethanol, will result in an average heart rate (HR) lower in comparison to the two depressants being administered individually. Over the three trials conducted for each of the test solution for daphnia 1, it can be concluded that 10% ethanol administration resulted in almost 2.6 fold, that is approximately 60%, decrease in HR. Therefore, ethanol had a depressant effect on average BPM, similar to Corotto's findings. (2010) Also, since the first daphnia died after

Cardiovascular effect: Studies shown an increase in heart rate and arterial blood pressure after energy drink consumption.

The population dynamics of Daphnia magna are observed under three different conditions; low, medium, and high density. The effects of different population densities on the survivorship and reproduction of Daphnia are observed over a two-week period within a lab environment. Over the two week period, the numbers of parent Daphnia alive and dead are recorded daily, along with the amount of offspring produced each day. From the main parameter investigated, the net reproductive rate, the results of the experiment support that higher densities result in less successful reproduction and decreased fecundity. Values for the instantaneous growth rate of the populations also suggests that low and medium density populations allow for

Not many people realize the effects that are caused by energy drinks such as Monster and Red bull. People are so used to consuming vast amounts of caffeine in order to keep their energy levels high, but do they ever stop to wonder how it is affecting their bodies? III. According to researchers in Australia, the risk of over consumption of energy drinks is very high.

Energy drinks pose an gargantuan threat on the consumer. Energy drinks can increase a person’s heart rate to a dangerous amount. Jacqueline Howard of CNN news says, “Energy drinks have also been known that it makes the blood a little thicker.” When consumers drink Energy drinks it can affect them in different ways. Peradventure making

Trenier, Theresa. “Energy Drink Dangers.” Newsletters for Mental Health. Milwaukee School of Engineering. January. 2007. <http://www.msoe.edu/life_at_msoe/current_student_resources/student_resources.com>