Lithium Carbonate Interview

There was one time that bipolar patients were treated with lithium. According to Whitaker, Guy Goodwin, a Scottish psychiatrist concluded “… if patients were exposed to lithium and then quit taking it within the first two years, the risk of relapse was so great that the drug

Next, Cummins discusses the marketing of 7-Up, originally named “Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda”, as a mood stabilizer. She then offers the name of a chemical compound, lithium citrate, contained in the soft drink until 1950, used to manage bipolar disorder.

Kimberly has been taking 1200 mg a day. Kimberly is currently in Pre-trial Diversion to eventually get back in college. Not only is it important for Kimberly to be drug free, but she has to be stabilized by using medication and learning effective coping skills. When a client experiences side effects, one may find oneself neglecting to take the drug (Ingersoll & Rak, 2016). Kimberly stated that she had not been feeling like herself when taking lithium. Kimberly has been feeling sick to the stomach when taking lithium. Although Kimberly was taking lithium on a regular basis again, she has experienced dry mouth and fatigue (McIntyre, 2015).

Medication is the first line of defense in treating bipolar disorder. Traditionally, lithium was the drug of choice for bipolar patients. Though lithium is still used

516). Many experts criticized Cade’s research because of the deaths caused by the negative effects of lithium. To clear up this belief, Cade tested the lithium on himself - which came out to be safe. The next approach was to conduct a study on humans with mania, melancholia, and schizophrenia. “The effect on the patients with mania was dramatic: the first patient to be given lithium had long been the most troublesome on the ward,but he settled down within three weeks and was able to leave hospital 12 weeks later” (Mitchell & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2000, pg. 516). The substance had no effect on melancholic and schizophrenic individuals. The study became more accepted when Schou and his co-worker Poul Christian Baastrup administered a study to establish that lithium carbonate was safe and effective on bipolar individuals. Lithium was eventually approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1970 as an antimanic drug for bipolar disorder. “Lithium was the first specific psychotropic medication,predating the neuroleptics by several years and the antidepressants by almost a decade” (Mitchell & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2000,

Lithium particles are utilized as a part of making state of mind modifying drugs for the treatment of bipolar issue.

Lithium Carbonate is the most commonly drug that is prescribed for treating bipolar disorder (May, Hickey, Triantis, Palazidou, & Kyriacou, 2015). It works as a mood stabilizer that significantly reduces excessive behaviors and suicidal tendencies. However, the way that lithium exerts its impact on mood is still unknown. One study suggests that key of lithium therapeutic actions are the neuroprotective effects (Malhi, Tanious, Das, Coulston, & Berk 2013). For instance, lithium has been demonstrated to decrease the oxidative stress that involves in multiple episodes of mania and depression. Other study recommends that lithium stabilize electrical

The patient must be questioned directly about the risks. If not possible, the family members and other care providers must be questioned for information(Balaratnasingam, 2015). In some cases when the situation is complex, experienced colleague or specialist is seek for help. The interviewer must be cam, polite, objective and creative enough to extract information from the patient. The nurse must carefully listen to the story with full empathy. This will lead to a good therapeutic relationship and will give good outcome (Balaratnasingam,

Client reported that he is currently attending to a psychiatric session once a month due to his bipolar disorder and that it is very helpful for him. He also stated that was prescribe Seroquel 30 mg once a day for the bipolar disorder, Luvox 30 mg for anxiety and depression once a day as well and one B12 for energy. He has been taking Seroquel and Luvox for more that tree yeas since he was diagnose with bipolar disorder and the B12 since he had the bypass surgery.

I interviewed Susan on September 9, 2016 about the medications she takes for her mental health. Susan is a 45-year-old female. She has one daughter Hannah, age 16. Susan and Hannah’s father were divorced when Hannah was three-years-old. Hannah currently lives with Susan during the week and visits her father, who lives about an hour away, every other weekend, some holidays, and several weeks during the summer. Susan lives in Simi Valley and works full-time in West Los Angeles to support herself and daughter. Susan takes two psychopharmacology drugs for her mental health. The first is a 20 mg fluoxetine (Prozac) pill which she takes once a day in the morning to help with her depression. The second is a 1 mg Lorazepam (Ativan) pill which she takes for stress when needed. She usually takes half a Lorazepam pill three to four times a week when she experiences anxiety and chest pain. Rarely does she need to take Lorazepam during the day.

There is more to the treatment of bipolar disorder than medication, but the medication Lithium has been the primary treatment since the 1960’s. In four studies

The most striking impact was found for the hospitalization rate, which fell by 82 per cent (3). This has considerable economic significance, as hospitalization accounts for a major proportion of direct costs in major psychiatric illness. It is important to note that all of this evidence far exceeds the available support for possible alternatives to lithium treatment, including application of anticonvulsant, antipsychotic, or sedative agents. Still, investigators have yet to discover the pharmacological effects of lithium that are responsible for its ability to eliminate mania. Many posit that the drug stabilizes the population of certain classes of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain (particularly serotonin receptors), preventing wide shifts in neural sensitivity, and in turn, influencing mood (4).

Polypharmacy is an emerging problem that has drastically increased in the past 20 years (Alpert, 2015). This is a huge problem in the elderly population greater than 65 years old because this group is more likely to have been diagnosed with multiple conditions that require many different medications. Other reasons include the increasing availability of newer medications that treat more than one condition, the elderly who are known to be on multiple pills a day, and providers prescribing more than one drug to aggressively treat chronic conditions (Alpert, 2015). About 44% of men and 57% of women greater than 65 years of age take five or more medications in a week, about 10% of both men and women take more than ten pills each week (Woodruff, 2010).

In the 1940s and 1950s, scientific experts started to explore different avenues regarding powders and pills that could fix imbalances inside the mind and convey genuine alleviation to individuals who had emotional instabilities. Instead of strapping individuals down to their beds, or getting some information about their issues, these scientific experts would have liked to utilize a type of synthetic limitation. Individuals would feel better, and they may carry on better, and no standardization would be required at all. To a vast degree, this was an effective task. Pharmaceuticals like lithium appeared to be fit for relieving individuals with exceptionally serious instances of bipolar issue, while antipsychotic solutions appeared to be equipped for peopling with