Local Self Government

3. Evidence – (China) These people were elite members of society. To become involved in politics or to be any leader, a person had to take a test of intelligence, based off Confucian teachings and beliefs. (India) In society, Brahmins (priests) were held in the highest regard. Whatever caste a person was born into, that is where the person stayed, and that’s what determined the person’s importance.

During the Classical period, Han China and Mauryan/Gupta India developed many methods of political control. Although these empires were located in different geographic regions, they both used social hierarchy, language, bureaucracy, and religion as a means of political control. Many of Classical India’s religious beliefs and bureaucratic practices contrasted each other in relation to the ways that they supported the methods of political control.

The ancient regime did not allow anyone to make much decision making, unless they were the king. Everybody was below the king and there was no national citizenship. This is important to know because of the second estate, who were more educated than the third, recognized the King's unhealthy spending habits and demanded for a reform.. Eventually, the third estate followed in the

What were the Major Causes of the French Revolution? Throughout history, there have been many monarchs. There have also been people that agreed and disagreed with the monarchs. This has led to many conflicts and battles.

Everything written down had a purpose and specific details in the way each order must be executed. Elections should happen every two years. The way elections would follow is everyone that was capable of voting had to write down their choice on a secret ballot that would later be discussed. For example the orders clearly state when the courts should meet, it every April or September. During the April court of elections a governor and six magistrates were elected. No one could serve as a governor more than once every two years. The general court had a lot of power for example they could adopt taxes, punish people if they did something wrong, and other things having to do with people's wealth.

Rulers who were well versed in their philosophies ruled their kingdoms in harmony. In China, laws played a big role in the everyday society. Laws during that period was very harsh. If someone had broken one of the laws, they would have been punished harshly. That was what Legalism was like back then. According to Legalism, laws had to be revised and have harsh punishments in order “to wipe out evil deeds”(Document 6). In Hinduism, the sacred law of the caste system was to have have a different laws for each districts. According to Document 1, the most popular guilds were “teaching the Vedas for a Brahmin, protecting the people for a Kshatriya, and trade for a Vaisya.” The lower castes, such as the Untouchables, were looked down upon due to

The United States of America has stayed united and fought through many hardships, including the American Revolution, The War of 1812, The World Wars, and many other conflicts. However, back in the middle of the 19th century, there was an issue that literally divided our nation: slavery. Slavery had been a big part of our economy, especially in the South, where their main source of income was from agriculture. However, the founding fathers found this issue morally wrong, but, in order to prevent a divided nation, they left it for later. Well as always later came, and with it, debate over how to solve the issue of slavery. Many in the North felt it was wrong and should not be allowed in the new territories, while Southerners believed that popular

Inkas established “state religion and secular institutions, such as priesthood of the sun, priestesses of the moon, and the military leadership”. (D’Altroy, 209). The Kings and military leaders were often appointed these titles, making them god-like deities in the eyes of public. This strategy made general public trust and fear the empire and reduce rebellions as it was seen as a rebellion against the chosen ones and thus the gods. Furthermore, Inkas established a system of tributes in form of taxes where provinces provided resources to the capital.Tributes were often collected in the form of household tributes in a hierarchical process where household heads were responsible to village headmen who reported to lords and so on until it reached the capital. (Morris, 64). In order to establish a smooth tribute system, the Inkas built a royal highway system. This made transportation of goods and army throughout the empire easier than it had ever been before thus strengthening their control and making the transportation goods from the provinces to the Cuzco

Analyze similarities and differences in methods of political control in two of the following empires from 600 BCE to 600 CE (Han China, Mauryan/Gupta India, Imperial Rome).

In Rome, the highest positions in the government were held by two leaders, who ruled the Roman Republic. A senate composed of citizens elected these leaders. This is different than the Han’s distribution of power because they believed in no citizen involvement in their government. The Han had a central control or supreme monarch which had total control over the people and gave citizens no influence towards leadership, unlike in Rome. They created social classes to bring together the people of the empire. In China, the leaders used a group of experienced bureaucrats while in Rome land was given to

The Han dynasty had a strong bureaucracy in its political control. Han Wudi strived to better the bureaucratic centralization. While doing so, they decreased the influence of nobles by announcing royal decree which broke up their large fiefs. In contrast, the Mauryan/Gupta Empires never accomplished a bureaucracy like the Han. Ashoka, the king of Mauryan Empire, tried to build an imperial bureaucracy; it later on failed to

Chola rulers allowed considerable autonomy to their subjects and the towns and villages of Southern India largely organized their own affairs

In the mid-seventeenth century, the Ming Dynasty had a slow and painful decline. There were some eunuchs who were hated and corrupt, and some of the emperors who were not effective, allowed the government power to slip into the eunuch’s hands. Decisions were being made from bribes and there was no concern for the consequences. There were peasanty who were already hard-pressed, and taxes were being squeezed from them to pay for a multitude of imperial court official and hangers-on. Peasant rebellions began to multiplying as the government's ability to restrain rapacious landlords declined (Adler and Phillips, pg. 375).

His civil servants managed the King’s possessions. Society was very hierarchical with the king at the top of the chain. The King oversaw trade because, at the time, there was no currency. River civilizations utilized the barter system where they traded items for other items and was deemed necessary

This with other contributing laws, begun to shape Government system in England. Setting in stone, introduction of the Local Government Act 1929. Which enabled, The Poor law boards Guardians, replaced by Local Authorities. (www2.rgu.ac.uk)