Long Term Effects Of Political Violence

When we look at the qualitative and quantitative research, the criteria seem to be lacking.The researchers who deal with qualitative techniques have applied the same criteria to measure the merit and the credibility of the researcher.When researcher see the concept of external validity that is used in the concerned with the generalization of the sample data collected from a population (Kirk & Miller, 1986).It is one of the keys of good quantitative research, and they are used to create and test the hypothesis.

The data and findings of a researcher has been tested for its accuracy, objectivity and reliability by using several different strategies (Objakor, Bakken & Rotatori 2010:28)

Turpin and Kurtz (1996) define a number of problems with the current theories on violence. First, the traditional disciplinary approaches obscure the problem of violence even as they have also clarified part of it. Interdisciplinary work is the most creative approach to this issue, but it is discouraged in the academy. Second, scholars neglect the micro/macro issue, tending to focus on one particular level of violence. Third, conventional social science methodologies encourage narrow approaches to the study of violence, prompting a focus on one specific form of violence that is often limited in

“Even today we raise our hand against our brother... We have perfected our weapons, our conscience has fallen asleep, and we have sharpened our ideas to justify ourselves as if it were normal we continue to sow destruction, pain, death. Violence and war lead only to death” (Pope Francis). Individuals. Men. Woman. Children. Just as violence can be portrayed in a different manner for each and every individual, violence can have a large variety of effects on an individual. All of our lives we have looked to violence as a last resort, as a solution for problems in the present thinking little of the problems in the future. There is a time for violence that can be shown through any current conflicts in the world, but there is also a time to step back and look to the future. The theme I have chosen to explore is the effects violence has on individuals in society. The texts I have decided to use to further study this theme are Fight Club (A novel written by Chuck Palahnuik), Guilty as Trained (A spoken word piece by J.G), Dulce Et Decorum Est (written by Wilfred Owen ), and text number four (directed by ). The exploration of these texts will assist me in studying my theme of the effects of violence on society.

Political violence is the leading cause of wars today. Personal agendas have led to many of the political objectives that cause violence today this has caused many problems throughout the world and will continue to do so until a solution to this issue is found. Political objectives have been advanced involuntarily dependent upon the kind of government a nation exercises. For instance, in a democratic nation political groups must worry about convincing the majority in order to advance ethically. Those who try to influence the majority through acts of violence are considered today as “terror” organizations. Though perhaps if it were not because of the recent 9/11 terror attacks that maybe such warrants would not be seen as terror attacks,

Political Violence is violence outside of the state’s control. How the violence is created can develop from a variety of reasons. There are three main explanations for political violence. Institutional which is when the existing institutions may encourage violence or constrain human action, creating a violent backlash. Ideational when ideas may justify or promote the use of violence, and Individual when psychological or strategic factors may lead people to carry out violence. Throughout the world there are many examples of these incidents. Whether exhibited through revolution, terrorism, State-sponsored terrorism or guerrilla war, people act to get their goals achieved. In this essay I will explain how effective political violence is throughout

Themes identified from the literature are discussed followed by methodological approach, data collection and data analysis. Trustworthiness and rigour/reliability and validity were considered followed by ethical issues. The chapter round-up with findings and summary.

Northern Ireland is a country with a turbulent past. Thirty years of political unrest has left a legacy of trauma with its people. As a result Northern Ireland has one of the highest rates of Post Traumatic Stress in the world. Can this be directly explained by the violence or were there other factors at work? In order to assess this we must look at the socioeconomic conditions in the country during the violence. Did Northern Ireland already host an ideal environment to leave its people more susceptible to Post Traumatic Stress? Looking at previously researched risk factors such as lack of social identify and low family income, this paper attempts to shed light on just how vulnerable the population was, prior to outbreak of violence. Can this explain why the prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress that is higher in Northern Ireland than other countries that are war torn who suffer continuing violence? Thirty years of unrelenting conflict in Northern Ireland provided a unique situation where a large proportion of the population were continually exposed to traumatic events. However the risk factors and socioeconomic conditions in Northern Ireland did indeed make some residents more susceptible to developing Post Traumatic Stress after experiencing trauma therefore exacerbating the dire effect of violence. . By looking post peace treaty,

• The quantitative procedures utilize excessively couple of variations and offers a mediocre approach, hence contextual considering of subject is absent. Henceforth, they tend to be less suited for sociology contrasted with objective learnings (Barr, 2004).

The effects of long term conflicts are numerous and include both physiological and psychological effects. Children are specifically effected by ongoing conflicts. Children who grow up in areas of ongoing conflict develop stereotypes and attitudes towards those in the opposing group. It effects their understanding of the world in general and develops the way in which they respond to violence and conflict. In essence, growing up in an area with an ongoing conflict changes a child’s entire worldview which results in a barrier to peaceful resolutions (Nasie, Diamond, & Bar-Tal, 2015).

A key component of using evidence-based practices is to review the best available data from multiple sources to ensure that a quality decisions. (Barends, Rousseau, & Briner, 2014). To identify the best available data, one can begin by questioning the validity and reliability of a study. Validity and reliability in evidence-based research is essential to the success of a research paper. Validity is concerned with the extent to which the research measures what it designed or intended to measure. (McLeod, 2013). The validity of research relates to how valuable the research findings are to the question at hand (Leung, 2015). Validity in research is the work done that is credible and believable because those sources find

Nordstrom (1998) suggests that one of the key determinants of violent acts is a strong connection to an ideology or group identity. In both the Bourgois (2001) and Henry (2005) readings the authors affirm that ideology is a key motivator of conflict, however they both also provide evidence of the notions of functional conflict (Coser, 1956) and social differentiation (Simmel, 1964) whereby they talk about conflict and violence as expressions of social relations, which is supported by Coser (1956) who suggests that conflict between groups is a function of social relations. For example, Simmel (1964) and Coser (1956) on the idea of conflict as functional, argue that violent conflict leads to clearer definition of boundaries of conflict groups,

1) From 1969 onwards for almost 30 years, images of armed British soldiers running down seemingly residential streets, rioting, funerals and dead bodies hastily covered with blankets dominated news coverage of Northern Ireland. Four-hundred years of anger boiled up to become “The Troubles”, a period that took over the lives of a generation of Northern Irish. The scars of this event are still

Among the green rolling hills of Northern Ireland, lies a dark past, scarred by the violence, injustice, cruelty of war. For more than four centuries, Northern Ireland was abused by the British, which in turn unfolded a brutal sectarian civil war. Violence between Catholics and Protestants ravaged the country throughout the conflict, but the most brutal were concentrated between the late 1960’s and the early 1990’s. However, despite the centuries of bloodshed and struggle, forging peace was possible. The process was not easy and was frequently interrupted; yet peace was still achievable.

Marshall, (2000), observed that protracted conflict ravages society and its supportive systems. In modern warfare, civilians are caught in the cross fire and invariably suffer the majority of war’s effects, mainly because in civil warfare situations, the entire society is the arena of armed conflict, and