Lung Cancer Paper

     Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related cause of death among men and women. Lung cancer can be undetected for many years causing it to become more dangerous and possibly fatal. There is not cure for lung cancer or any cancer, but if detected in an early stage the lung cancer can be detected, treated, and hopefully terminated. There are many new and developing treatments being tested now that may save lives in the future. Through understanding what the lung cancer is, doctors can easily diagnose and assess cancer patients.

Cancer, it can affect anyone; it can affect any part of the body but what is it? Cancer results from the abnormality in the body's cells. This occurs when the cells divided and grow. Disruption in the system of the growth and division of a cell results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that form a mass which leads to cancer. The patient outcome for cancer is different for everyone, but it is also different with each type. In the respiratory department, a major type of cancer we will deal with is lung cancer. Lung cancer, however, has different types and stages, but for this paper, we are going to talk about Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the article titled “Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer” it states

Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death not only in the United States of America but globally.1 According to the World Health Organization 8.2 million deaths in 2012 were cancer related and of those deaths, 1.59 million were due specifically to lung cancer.2 In 2014, there was a staggering 224,210 new reported cases of lung cancer in the United States alone. The 5-year relative survival has a 49% to 2% variability depending on the type of lung cancer, stage, and location. The two major types of lung cancer are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL), which consists of 85% lung cancers, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which makes up the other 15% of lung cancers. NSCL is an epithelial lung cancer that is histologically comprised of adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.1 Both NSCL and SCLC are insidious in nature and the presentation will usually be vague or nonspecific and include the following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, recurrent infections, coughing up blood, hoarseness, and wheezing.

It is wise, however, to have a doctor monitor the tumor over at least a two-years period in order to note any changes that might indicate the presence of cancer. Also, a biopsy or surgical removal of a tumor may be needed when the patient is a smoker, the patient has difficulty breathing, or other troubling symptoms, tests show that the cancer could be present, and the nodule continue to grow. The malignant lung cancer is divided into non- small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. First, the non- small lung cancer is A group of lung cancers that are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells look under a microscope. The cancer cells of each type grow and spread in different ways. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common kind of lung cancer. The first type of the non- small cell cancer is squamous cell carcinoma About 25% to 30% of all lung cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers start in early versions of squamous cells, which are flat cells that line the inside of the airways in the lungs. They are often linked to a history of smoking and tend to be found in the central part of the lungs, near a main airway (bronchus). The second type is larger cell carcinoma this type accounts for about 10% to 15% of lung cancers. It can appear in any part of the lung. It tends to grow and spread quickly, which can make it harder to treat. A subtype of large cell carcinoma, known as large cell, neuroendocrine carcinoma, is a fast-growing cancer that is very similar to small cell lung cancer. The third type of non- small cell lung cancer is adenocarcinoma about 40% of lung cancers are adenocarcinomas. that begins in the cells that line the alveoli and make substances such as

Each year there are about one million three hundred seventy thousand deaths worldwide from lung cancer. Lung cancer is a particular type of cancer that is more deadly and common with other types of cancer. Lung cancer for most people can be avoided because cigarette smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer. Of course, there are other ways that increase the chance of lung cancer that can’t be avoided, like if it runs in the family. There are two different types of lung cancer small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In order to determine what the specific type is it needs to be looked at under a microscope as the two types have different treatments. There are many symptoms that may be associated with lung cancer, not all are present in the chest, some symptoms occur in different regions of the body. Lung cancer had a variety of treatment options. The patient's doctor will decide what treatment is best for them depending on their type of cancer and what stage of cancer they have. In the novel The Longest Ride Ira Levinson, a ninety-one-year-old man had been battling lung cancer for the past few months. Sadly his cancer did not get found early enough, so his last few years turned into only a few more weeks.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortalities in the world. An astounding average of 1.6 million deaths occur due to lung cancer yearly (1). Lung cancer is classified into two types: small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), where 85% of lung cancer cases are NSCLC. NSCLC has several different histologic subtypes, some of which are: squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Of the three, adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 50% of NSCLCs, making it the most common subtype (2).

The Lung Cancer is the major of the cancer death. According to the data from Australian government on 2011, it showed the death rate is far higher than other disease, all because its early symptoms are non-evident, that lead to most of the sufferers are often missed the best time for treatment. Lung Cancer occurs when there has the uncontrolled cells growth in the lung tissues, these cells normally lining on the air passages, then forms a tumour which can be small-cell carcinoma or non-small-cell carcinoma. The five year survival rate of the person who with Lung Cancer is less than 14%(EWTERY).

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts on the cells lining the bronchi and other parts of the lungs. Lung cancer claims more lives than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer combined. It is thought that lung cancer starts in areas of pre-cancerous changes in the lungs. It then will develop into lung cancer over time. There are 2 main types of lung cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Symptoms of lung cancer do not usually appear until a later stage of lung cancer. Some

I decided to do my cancer research paper on Lung cancer because a lot of people i know smoke . There are many ways to get Lung cancer as in smoking, or being around someone who is smoking (2nd hand smoking). Smoking is responsible for over 80% of deaths and 2nd hand for many more. This cancer can cause you to have trouble breathing, coughing up blood, changes in voice, or pain in chest, shoulders, or back.

There are four different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer T stages. “Tis” is when cancer is found only in the lay of cells lining the air passages and not found anywhere else. “T1” is when the cancer is no larger than 3 centimeters. “T2” is when the cancer is no larger then 3 centimeters, it involves a main bronchus but is not closer then 2 centimeters to where the trachea branches off into the main bronchi, it has spread to the visceral pleura, the cancer partially clogs the airways but the lung is not collapsed or under pneumonia. “T3” is when the cancer has spread to the chest wall, the diaphragm, the mediastinal pleura, or the parietal pericardium, when the cancer involves a main bronchus and is closer then 2 centimeters to where the trachea branches into the main bronchi but

|Specific Purpose: |To inform readers on the causes, effects and treatments of lung cancer. |

What is cancer? Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Cancer kills roughly seven and a half million people annually. The deadliest is lung cancer, with a whopping thirty-one percent of them dying from it. There are two types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer that are named for the type of cells in which the cancer develops: they’re squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. The other lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, which sometimes is referred to as oat cell cancer, is less common than non-small cell lung cancer and grows quicker. Therefore, it’s more likely to spread to

Lung cancer is a very common malignant disease around the world, which is mainly caused by long-term exposure to tobacco smoke (85% of all cases). [1] It is reported by WHO that, globally in 2012, 1.8 million people suffered from lung cancer, and 1.6 million patients died of lung cancer. [2] In cancer-related death all around the world, lung cancer ranks the top in men and second in women, only after breast cancer. [3] Statistically, 17.4% of lung cancer patients in the United States only have five-year survival after the diagnosis, and the average survival rate is even worse in the developing countries. [4]

While much research has been conducted on the causes and treatments of lung cancer, there is much to be done to help promote good health choices. The risks of smoking increase the chance of being diagnosed with lung cancer. Air pollution is also a contributor. Marketing better health choices, public awareness, and education can help prevent this disease. Lung cancer is defined as abnormal cell tissue that forms in tissues of the lungs . It is estimated that there are 224,210 new cases every year, while the estimated deaths are numbered at 159,260 per year. There are several options of treatment and are as follows: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Therapy. Research and advertisement has brought about much change to the public awareness.