Lung Cancer : The Leading Cause Of Cancer Essay

Cancer results from abnormal, unregulated cell growth which can create physiological impairments in body tissues (1). Two adverse characteristics of cancer cells include the ability to invade other tissues and the inability to die (2). Cells generally become cancerous due to changes in gene expression and subsequent errors in protein function (2). These faults in genes and physiology can be caused by mutations which can result from exposure to carcinogens. One of the most common substances associated with carcinogens (though not carcinogenic itself) that promotes cancerous growth is nicotine (3). Nicotine has been shown to stimulate growth, promote the creation of blood vessels (angiogenesis), and prevent cell death through nicotinic acetycholine receptors (nAChRs)(3). In mice, for example, nicotine increased levels of angiogenesis by altering mechanisms involved in a heightened response of the COX-2, prostacyclin, VEGFR-2, MMPs, uPA, and e-NOS protein activity (3). These increases in cell sensitivity to these particular factors stimulated by nicotine promoted cell growth and migration to other tissues (3).

This type is characterized by slow growth, and a low mortality rate. This carcinoma develops in only one lobe, and responds well to treatment. The downside to this type of cancer is that its most common metastatic site is the lymph nodes in the neck. Activating mutations of the tyrosine receptor kinases RET and NTRK, and of the intracellular signaling effectors RAS and BRAF are present in a mutually exclusive fashion in more than 70% of cases of this type of cancer1.

Lung cancer is a deadly class of disease that is specifically composed of uncontrolled cell growth in the pulmonary extremities of the body (Crosta. 2009). When left untreated, the abnormal lung tissue eventually develops into life-threatening tumors (Crosta, 2009). Lung cancer is a disease that is particularly caused by smoking, nonetheless there are cases where it is simply developed naturally. The disease can severely harm the health of an individual over the course of years. In addition, researchers have determined that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). As of today, about 210,828 people in the United States have been diagnosed with lung cancer (CDC, 2015). In 2012, about

Lung cancer is considered to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There are approximately about 180,000 cases that are diagnosed in America, considering that 90% dies thru lung cancer alone. Despite of its number, it is the most preventable of all the cancers. Like every cancer it spreads out fast if not taken seriously, this due the abnormal growth of cells. The abnormal cell growth often leads to the formation of tumor. This cancer is very common and very deadly. The following common symptoms of lung cancer may include excessive coughing, chest pain, shortness in breath, hoarse voice, swelling on the face and neck, unexplained loss of appetite and tiredness. It may be hard to determine, if a person has a lung cancer. The

Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades. The 2012 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimate was 1.8 million new cases which constituted 12.9% of the total number of new cancers diagnosed worldwide. Fifty eight percent of which occurred in the less developed regions. Lung cancer remains the most common cancer in men worldwide (1.2 million, 16.7% of the total) with the highest estimated age-adjusted incidence rates in

According to the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world and has a mortality rate higher than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined.1 There are 3 types of lung cancer including non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are non-small cell, which include subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.2 Although less common, making up 10-15% of lung cancers, small-cell lung cancer is known for its rapid growth and spread.2 The types of lung cancer vary greatly in the prognosis and management of disease, as rate of growth, risk of metastasis, rate of recurrence, and treatment options are different with each.2 Physical therapy serves an integral role in the management of patients with lung cancer by providing interventions to optimize pulmonary and cardiovascular function.

In the United States, tobacco smoking is by far the leading cause of lung cancer, which includes non-small cell lung cancer. About 80% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking, and many others are caused by exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking is clearly the strongest risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer, but it often interacts with other factors. Smokers exposed to other known risk factors such as radon and asbestos are at even higher risk. However, not everyone who smokes gets lung cancer, so other factors like genetics likely play a role as well. 85% to 90% of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer. Around 80% of the individuals who are determined to have non-small cell lung cancer are individuals who smoke or are presented to used smoking. The individuals who smoke have a higher risk to get lung cancer in than those who acquire DNA mutations from their ancestors.

Lung cancer is any type of cancer that begins in the lungs, although it is still considered lung cancer after it spreads to other parts of the body. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the U.S. and worldwide. Forty percent of people will be diagnosed with lung cancer within their life span. Lung cancer, as with all cancers, is very complex, so the best way to comprehend it is to break it down into easily analyzed topics. The first topic that must be analyzed is cancer as a whole-what it is, what causes it, and what can be done about it. After this essential knowledge is gained, it is possible to analyze lung cancer from an informed angle, understanding the statistics, research, and various classifications. Lung cancer is

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related death. The most common cause of lung cancer is active and passive cigarette smoking (Lemone & Burke, 2011). Additionally, environmental and occupational risk factors associated with lung cancer are: benzopyrene and radon particles related to uranium mining, radiation and nuclear bombs, air pollution, diesel exhaust at cetera (Port, 2011). The age-adjusted occurrence for 2007 in Australia discloses that lung cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and females aged sixty and over (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW] 2011). Both cytological and histopathological samples are used to make an analysis of lung cancer so that the appropriate treatment can be done.

the most common cause of lung cancer is smoking, 90% of lung cancer cases among men are due to smoking and 80% of lung cancer among women are due to smoking. Smoker men are 23 times more likely to get lung cancer, and smoker women are 13 times more likely to have lung cancer in comparison to nonsmokers (USDHS, 2004). Annually, between 2005 and 2010 lung cancer cases due to smoking are about 130,659, 56.8% of these cases were men, and 43.2% were women (USDHS, 2014). Also, second-hand smokers are at higher risk of developing lung cancer, their chance to develop lung cancer is 20-30% in comparison to people who do not have an exposure to the second-hand smoke (USDHS, 2006). In 2014, the estimated

people in the United States get lung cancer a year. (5)About 155,000 of those people die from the cancer. Recently, the rate of women affected by lung cancer has increased, while the rate of men affected has decreased. However, lung cancer is the leading cancer that kills both women and men. (1) So, what is lung cancer? Lung cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lung. (5) There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell and small- cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (or NSCLC) is more common than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and occurs in about 80% of all lung cancer cases. (3)

Lee et al cultured two strains of OSCC cells, SAS cells treated by AG1478 (inhibitor of EGFR) and OECM1 cells treated with EGF (activator of EGFR). While the SAS cells showed decrease in nuclear β catenin with increase in membranous β catenin, OECM1 cells showed increased amount of nuclear β catenin overtime. This showed that EGFR plays a vital role in Wnt signalling influencing the stabilisation and nuclear accumulation of β catenin. They also showed that histone markers effect the expression on target gene, cyclin D1. These ultimately lead to the progression of oral cancer. (Lee et al, 2010). c‑myc was among the first oncogenes found to be amplified in breast cancer, and it can contribute to many other forms of cancer

It's a proven fact. Each year more Americans die from lung cancer and other smoking related diseases than they die from aids, drug abuse, car accidents and homicide, combined.

Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common and accounts for 85% of lung cancers (nlm.nih.gov).

Lung cancer is on of the leading causes of death today. Lung cancer is a type of neoplasm cancer and is given its name but the site of where the cancer is located. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine states, “ Most lung cancers develop in the cells that line the bronchi.” Lung cancer can take many years to develop and some have no idea that they even have it until it grows large enough to impede the function of the lungs. There are two different types of tumors the benign, which means that it does not spread and stops growing or the malignant where they grow and spread. The etiology of lung cancer comes from the neoplasm which means that has come about from new abnormal cell growth. Most types of neoplasms are solid masses that form but can