Lymphatic Filariasis

The client should look for the early signs of localized Lyme disease known as erythema migrans, a skin lesion that slowly expands to form a large round lesion with a bright red border and

The book tries to describe a way to “cure” the disease with blessings and that the incoming disease was an infallible token of fast approaching death. The symptoms include a large black bubble originating usually in the groin area or armpits.

The Black Death is the most common plague. It usually follows a bite from a flea. The bacteria pass from the skin to local lymphatics and to local lymph nodes. The infection involves lymph nodes of the groin and neck may also be effected. The bacteria of the Black Death replicate in the lymph node causing it to become enlarged and swollen and tender, they are called Buboes.

glans. They are the key symptom of bubonic plague. The cause was said to be

The first type of plague is the one most people have probably heard of, the bubonic plague. The bubonic plague was the strain of Yersinia Pestis that affected the lymphatic system. This strain is only spread by the bites of fleas (“The Black Death”). It is most commonly known for causing enlarged lymph nodes, or buboes (“Plague”). Buboes are usually found in the armpits and groin. They are tender and warm to the touch and are about the size of an egg ("Plague, Symptoms and Causes."). Other symptoms include high fever, chills, delirium, and hemorrhaging of small capillaries (“Plague”). The mortality rate of the bubonic plague is 60% in untreated cases

In the chronic phase, because of low and probably intermittent parasitemia, diagnosis relies on serologic detection of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that bind to T cruzi antigens (see Fig. 4A). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and indirect hemagglutination are most common methods used. Two positive results from any of these 3 conventional techniques are recommended for a final diagnosis.

John is a forty-five year old male who presented in the emergency room experiencing abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant of the ventral cavity. The pain is felt in the umbilical region, right iliac region, and right lumbar region. He is also experiencing pale skin and fatigue. John has a previous history of gastritis(inflammation of the stomach), gastroesophageal reflux disease(stomach acids coming into esophagus), and bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate). After the laboratory drew blood, the doctor began examining John. Upon his examination, he discovered that John's epidermis was abnormally dry and flaky; this is also known as ichthyosis, proximal to the tibia and fibula. Once the blood work came back, the doctor found the source

Both drugs are almost 100% effective in curing the disease if given right after the infection, at the beginning of the acute phase, including the cases of congenital transmission but they have a very low anti-parasitic, activity against the prevalent chronic form of the disease. However, the effectiveness of these medication decreases, the longer the person has been infected. The treatment is very long and typically last for about two months and some adverse reactions may occur in up to 40% of the affected patients.

also mentioned in the book. The severity of the disease varies, but at its most aggressive,

A 29-year-old male comes from segregation and is shackled. Patient is seen today for concerns about swollen lymph node on left-side of his neck. He said it is painful with turning his neck and with palpation. He denies having pain with swallowing. Has not had chills, fever, change in appetite. Says he has partially been baseline due to his anxiety. He also continues to complain of generalized rash. He states that he has had this rash and swelling for the past four weeks. Rash kind of moves around different spots of his body. Currently, the only spot that the rash is present in is on the tip of his penis. Currently, does not have any swelling but states he has had swelling of joints

The 34-year old male patient with the presenting symptoms of discolored skin patches and nodules, deformity of the nose, loss of libido, hair loss, testicular atrophy, partial loss of pinprick and temperature sensation, and enlarged nerves, has a disease called lepromatous leprosy. Lepromatous leprosy is when there are a large number of bacteria found in the skin lesions.

The first step to helping Samuel is for him to try to remain off of his feet, laying in bed with his right leg elevated. Furthermore, he should wrap his infected area with a compression wrap to help to fight the swelling. Due to the fact that we have reason to believe the disease was picked up outside of the United States, we are going to prescribe Sam albendazole and ivermectin. Had Sam not had the history of being outside of the United States, we would have prescribed diethylcarbamazine which would kill the microfilariae in Sam’s system. A lower dosage of steroid should also be administered to Sam to help his immune system stay strong as the worms in his system are being killed off. His prognosis is that he will most likely continue to experience some pain as well as swelling for the next few days, but within a matter of a week or two he should begin to feel like his normal self again. We recommend bed rest for a week and to be sure that he keeps the infected area very

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease that is carried by fresh water snails infected with one of the five varieties of the parasite Schistosoma. This disease is caused by helminths specifically blood flukes (trematode worms). The symptoms for this disease vary depending

Authors reported a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis with EN-like lesions and genital ulceration. In addition, they reviewed infectious disease cases with BD like symptoms.

Lymphatic Filariasis also known as Elephantiasis has been a neglected disease until more recent years. In 1997 the World Health Assembly Resolution suggested that the World Health Organization eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis as a health problem. Wuchereria bancrofti worms are the parasites causing around 90% of the lymphatic filariasis cases. One abnormal condition resulting from the disease is a swollen scrotal sac due to fluid collection. A procedure called Immunochromato graphic card test or ICT is a simple test used to detect adult levels of transmission. This test uses ultrasonography to detect the adult Wuchereria bancrofti worms in the scrotal lymphatic vessels. Ultrasound exams are known as a non-invasive tool. The World Health Assembly