Vivian Williams
4/10/15
Pd.7
MalariaDELETE 2ND PART OF PAR CI
Malaria, also known as Yellow Fever, is a disease that affects humans and animals. The history of malaria has caused high levels of fatalities. Despite progress in identification of causes and treatment, malaria continues to kill over half a million people per year, mostly in children under five years old. This illness is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. There are many different types of Plasmodium parasites, but only five known types that cause malaria in humans (World Health Organization, January 2014). There is no vaccine for malaria and no foolproof way to survive it. Instead, a patient with malaria is given medicinal drugs that depend on a variety of factors such
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If a mosquito bites an infected person, the mosquito becomes infected too and will surely infect another human in the next 24 hours (Armando Hasudungan, June 8 2013).
During the research period for this paper a lot was learned, especially concerning the transmission of malaria and everything that is used to prevent and cure the horrible disease. The most important things that were learned were what exactly malaria does to the human body (the whole process), how exactly malaria is transmitted, why it is so hard to be stopped, and what organizations are trying to solve malaria and what they are doing to help the worldwide problem.
“Malaria has serious economic impacts in Africa (and other countries), slowing economic growth and development and perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty. Malaria is truly a disease of poverty — afflicting primarily the poor who tend to live in malaria-prone rural areas in poorly-constructed dwellings that offer few, if any, barriers against mosquitoes (UNICEF, December 24 2013).” This quote shows how malaria affects countries economically and contributes to a depressing cycle that does not help to develop or improve developing countries. Worldwide, countries that very rarely experience malaria cases are contributing a lot of time and money to other places in order to help lower the death rate of malaria and develop a cure and/or vaccine for the deadly disease. In most malaria-ridden places, the government is
According to the CDC (2015), this virus is mainly spread from infected mosquito bites particularly from Culex tritaeniorhynchu. Humans are not part of the transmission cycle; however, pigs and birds are part of the cycle. Therefore, there is increased risk to people who live in close proximity to these
The researcher concluded that the vaccine regimen reduced the number of malaria cases by 39% in toddlers and 27% in infants. Moreover, precautionary measures have taken, if a child can get malaria multiple times within a single year, the vaccine prevented 6,000 cases per 1,000 vaccinated children over four years in areas of Sub Saharan Africa with the highest incidence of the disease.
Before the research I knew malaria is a disease which occurs mostly in poor, tropical and subtropical areas of the world. I also knew people get malaria by being bitten by an infective mosquito.
Malaria’s age speaks of an adaptability to it, when comparing a sample from ancient China to one today there are huge differences to be seen. This indicates that Malaria has a large past that there is very little known about. Possibly the answer to the ideal treatment lives in its past. By looking at the past it is possible to see how to form the future.
The United Nations has declared 2000-2010 the "decade to roll back malaria." The social, economic and human effects of this disease are dramatic: 40% of the world's population is currently at risk for malaria, and it kills an African child every 30 seconds(7). The presence of malaria, as that of most other endemic tropical diseases, is directly related to the precarious living conditions of people in developing countries, but is also a cause that hinders growth and development, "In Africa today, malaria is understood to be both a disease of poverty and a cause of poverty." (6). This essay aims to show the connections between disease and society in specific regards to malaria, as well as the need for a
Medical treatment for malaria is available and the disease is curable if promptly diagnosed and treated well. This is crucial because those who have malaria parasites available for mosquitoes to feed on are perpetuating the spread of the disease. However, if these people are treated with the appropriate drugs, the parasites disappear from their bloodstream. This helps to reduce the transmission of the disease. Unfortunately, not everyone is responsive to drug treatments for malaria and thus a variety of alternatives need to be available. Not everyone with malaria parasites in their bloodstream shows the symptoms of malaria and the disease itself is becoming resistant to some of the drugs used to treat
Why is the problem in the society? Parasites are organisms that cannot live on their own and have to live off other organisms. They have to enter a host organism and benefit from them while harming them in the process. Mosquitoes are the major modes of transmission of malaria since they feed on human blood and get infected and then spread the infection to others who get bitten. And since neither parasites not mosquitos can be taken out of a community, malaria continues to be a problem in society. The problem exists in the society because while a way has been found to treat infected individuals, a way has not yet been found to fully eliminate the disease (Noviyanti R., Coutrier F, Utami R. (2015)). A vaccine
Malaria is a parasitic infection, transmitted by the bite of the infected female Anopheles mosquito. Five types of plasmodia cause the disease to humans: Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi. The most common symptoms of malaria are, chills, high fever, malaise, headache sweating and muscle aches, manifest 1-4 weeks after infection with the parasite, while relapses of the disease are usually observed in short intervals but up to 5 and in extreme cases even up to 8 years in P. vivax infections (Walker and Colledge 2014; ). A number of effective anti-malaria drugs are available to treat the infection. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential to forestall complications.
I feel weak, dizzy, and my body aches. I have a high fever. I can stop vomiting. I sometimes even have syncope. After a thick blood smear test, it is confirmed, I have Malaria; there begins the series of painful quinine injections. This is what I experienced during almost every raining season in Niger (my home country) until I was 17. As a consequence, since primary school, I have raised my interest in the ways Malaria develops in the human body, the reason behind all those symptoms, and how to prevent the disease. There is no single biology class, in Niger’s educational system from middle school to high school that did not include a chapter on Malaria, and other infectious disease such as tuberculosis, meningitis. It is the starting point for my love for science. But most importantly, I found my life goal and dream; Help kicking Malaria outside of Niger (and Sub-Saharan Africa in general), and reducing the toll of preventable, and communicable diseases.
Although many organizations are fighting against malaria, it is still one of the biggest health problems the world faces today (Autino B, Noris A, Russo R, Castelli, 2012).
This literature review addresses the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite, the manipulation methods used by the parasite, and discusses some of the preventative methods against the disease. The Plasmodium parasite is the cause of the disease malaria, which is most prevalent in Africa however there have been cases all over the world. In 2012, 627,000 people died from malaria, the majority of which were children under the age of five. Its complex multi-stage life cycle makes it very difficult to treat, with symptoms synonymous with those of the flu, and relapses being extremely common. The fact that the life cycle is so complex in both species the parasite infects means that eradicating the disease altogether is almost
Malaria Diagnosis of blood slides collected for malaria were examined at the government laboratory and “cross checked to ensure that the correct diagnosis has been made”. [8][Figure 3]
Malaria is a serious infectious disease and sometimes fatal. A parasite known as a protozoan, which is a single celled microorganism that lives within the host is the cause for this potentially deadly disease. In this case, the host is a mosquito. “There are 430 various genus Anopheles (mosquito) species, but only 30-40 species carry the malaria parasite. There are many other species of mosquito’s that do not carry the malaria parasite, approximately 3,500 types in all.” They are broken up into 41 different classes such as the Culex Tarsalis that causes West Nile Virus and many more. Malaria is not contagious in the normal sense of the word. You cannot catch it by sneezing or coughing on someone. Anyone who has the disease will find Malaria in the RBC. The most common mosquito bites that carry the malaria virus are the Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax, which usually bite from dusk to dawn. The most severe and deadliest malaria is from the Plasmodium Falciparum of the genus anopheles species, found in Africa and New Guinea.
Malaria is a disease that has been known for more than 4000 years as swamp fever disease which greatly infects the human populations and human history (4). The origin of the word malaria is Italian, a reduction of mala aria, bad air, and that goes back to the belief that the disease was caused by toxic and poisonous air in the swampy regions. According to some medical terms, the first use of the word “malaria” was by Francisco Torti, an Italian physician (1658-1741) (5). Moreover, the discovery of the malaria parasite goes back to Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, who was a French surgeon in 1880 (4).
Cases of malaria are found all over the world, but especially in tropical regions. This disease is very widespread because people obtain malaria when visiting these areas and then they bring it back to where they live. Malaria affects millions of people every year, and depending on the case it can be very serious or easily treated. At the moment there is only one main method that doctors use to treat malaria, but there are many precautions that can be taken to prevent it from infecting someone.