Measles virus (MV) has been well established in the world, as the most transmissible viral agent in humankind and it’s considered as the primary cause of death in children globally. The persistent of Measles viral infection throughout the centuries has given the opportunity for scientists to investigate the Morbilivirus genus family where MV belongs. It has been found that every virus belonging to the Morbillivirus family, share a negative-strand linear RNA genome and a spherical envelope that surround the genome. In addition to that, all the virus species belonging to the Morbillivirus genus family, encode for eight proteins that are crucial for the invasion, multicipility and the survival of the virus [1]. This known virus family therefore is consisted of six species: Rinderpest Virus (RV), Phocine Distemper virus (PDV), Cetacean morbilliviruses (ceMV), Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPRV), Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and Measles Virus (MeV). Apart from their common features however, these species show also to be phylogenetically related as it can be observed from the tree below (Fig 1.) An important observation is how closely MV is related with RPV and how least related is with CDV, showing a possible link between their infecting hosts [17]. Figure 1: Morbillivirus Phylogenetic Tree that shows how similar or diverse morbillivirus species are. Available online at: http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/2/699/html Its invasion tactic often results in acute disease symptoms
The respiratory syncytial pathogen is a non-segmented negative -sense single stranded RNA virus that falls under the paramyxoviridae family. The virus is comprised of 10 genes the encode 11 proteins and is divided into two subtypes A and B, which further divide into multiple genotypes. Genetic studies have tried
When someone starts to cough, sneeze, or just feel sick in general, they are probably suffering from some sort of infection. Whether it is a small cold or a deadly plague, there is warfare happening down in their immune system to keep the invading virus or bacteria out of their body. Vaccines may provide short-lasting immunity from the disease but the immune system will keep them from ever getting the disease again. The Mumps Virus is one of these harrowing diseases, and the more someone knows about a disease, the less likely they are to contract it.
Yamaguchi…,1998). There are a few other viruses compared but the CPV and FPLV have the most similarities.
Smallpox is a highly contagious virus that has no known cure. Variola, is the name of the virus that caused one of the largest epidemics known to man. Smallpox killed nearly 500 million people in the 20th Century alone. Before Smallpox was eradicated it killed nearly 60% of all infected people. Smallpox has been coexisting with humans for thousands of years and has a very long history.
* Complex includes: Alfuy, Cacipacore, Japanese encephalitis, Koutango, Kunjin, Murray Valley encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Rocio, Stratford, Usutu, West Nile, and Yaounde viruses.
We have all heard the old saying a bad apple can spoil the whole barrel. However, now there is research to prove it, at least in work situations . In the podcast, Ira Felps speaks to a professor in the Netherlands, who created an experiment to see what happens to productivity when a bad worker joins a team. Felps separated people into small groups and then gave them a task. One member of the group was an actor, after a short amount of time the rest of the group started behaving like the bad apples as well. The next part of the podcast talked about measles vaccinations. Measles cases are higher than they've been in decades mainly because more parents are nervous and refusing to vaccinate their children. Recently, an unvaccinated 7-year-old boy
In Michelle Fox’s article, Expect measles outbreak to continue, says doctor, Dr. William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University’s School of Medicine, says that the outbreak will continue for some time because there is a sufficient number of unvaccinated children to continue the spread of measles. According to the CDC, there have been 84 cases of measles and 67 of those have been linked to the outbreak at Disney. Dr. Schaffner also reiterates that measles can be brought to the United States from overseas. If someone from another country comes here with measles and is around unvaccinated children, there is potential to spread the disease.
with pus. On day twelve the blisters start to get hard and crust over and stomach pain starts and confusion starts to occur. On the third or forth week the blisters start to fall of and leave big nasty scars all over. If not treated the long term affects of the virus include blindness and deformed hands and feet. It kills 3 out of every 10 people it infects. After you get vaccinated on the third or forth day after vaccination a red itchy bump will start to appear it is called the vaccination cite. The bump becomes a blister and will then begin to fill with pus then will later drain. A health care worker should check to see
Before a child is able to attend school they are required to get the measles vaccination, but lately there have been some controversy on the vaccination. In this paper I will be explaining what the measles vaccination is, benefits of the vaccinations, and cons of the vaccination.
In December of 2014, an outbreak of measles, which started in Disneyland, resulted in nearly two hundred people being sickened across the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The highly contagious respiratory disease spread for three months. Among those who contracted the illness, one developed severe pneumonia and multiple organ injury, while another suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome. So, why did an illness, which was purportedly eliminated sixteen years ago, experience a surge so dramatic that it caused more cases in 2014 than in the five preceding years combined? According to the CDC, the outbreak could be boiled down to one simple reason: “The majority of people were unvaccinated.” So while the California measles outbreak is a thing of the past, the fight to increase compliance with vaccinations continues. Although the benefits and safety of vaccinations are undisputed by the medical and scientific community, there are still sizeable groups of “anti-vaxxers” who refuse to vaccinate their children. These groups spread misconceptions, sometimes unknowingly, and become even more influential when coupled with the power of the internet and social media. Therefore, in order to increase compliance with routine vaccinations, the misconceptions of parents should be targeted, and legislation should be changed in order to prevent leniency and loopholes regarding vaccine exemptions.
The Latin name for measles is rubeola. The pathogen which causes the disease is a paramyxovirus, which is one of a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, and also comes out in a rash. The virus enters the body via the respiratory system, and grows in the cells at the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs, from there it then enters the blood stream and circulates the body.
In 1998, British medical journal The Lancet, published a research paper written by Dr. Andrew Wakefield and his research partners. This particular paper stated that there was a direct link between autism, Gastrointestinal Decease and the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine. It concluded that a specific mercury based preservative found in the vaccine caused neurological damage to some children (Wakefield).
On July 3, 2015, Liz Szabo, of USA Today reported that a woman in the US died of complications of the measles virus in the spring of 2015. She had been taking immunosuppressants, and therefore did not have the tell-tale rash that usually accompanies measles, but upon autopsy, the pneumonia she developed had been shown to be a complication of the measles virus. Hers was the first measles-related death in the United States since 2003.
Nearly a decade ago a number of celebrities began to speak out against vaccines and their supposed “link” to autism. The target of the anti-vaccine group is the Measles/Mumps/Rubella vaccine (MMR). As a result of their celebrity status, some people in the United States have listened to their arguments and began to deny their children vaccinations. This new movement correlates with the recent measles outbreaks in the United States. The most recent being an outbreak of 113 cases linked to a California amusement park. This strain was the same as the strain from the Philippines outbreaks in 2014.
The five families of viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever are most found over the world. The Arenaviridae are a family of virus whose members are generally associated with rodent- transmitted disease in humans causing severe illnesses (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Flaviviridae are a family of positive, single stranded, enveloped RNA virus. They are found in arthropods, primarily ticks and mosquitoes, and can infect