Medication Synthesis Paper

We would like to own a product series covering our customers suffered from all illness segmentation of the OTC cold and allergy remedy market. We have totally launched 3 products, which played different roles in our product portfolio and have different attribute association.

This report is Part 1 of assignment for Marketing MBA 565-MBOL1 to Dr. Stephen Baglione

The aspirin crystals were washed by pouring 10 mL of water over them through the funnel.

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of

The general herpes virus has become very common in society today. However, there are many treatments to cure this virus, such as Acyclovir(Zovirax) and Valacyclovir(Valtrex). Although these treatments cannot completely cure this virus, it will prevent the spread of cold sores, genital herpes, chicken pox, and shingles. Even though there are plenty positives for these two drugs, unfortunately, there are irritating side effects for taking them; for example, some side effects of Acyclovir can be nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and vomiting. On the other hand, side effects of Valacyclovir contains more severe symptoms such as bruising or bleeding, bloody diarrhea, and red spots on the skin. About forty-five million people of the United States over the age of twelve have been infected with HSV-2, or Herpes Simplex Virus, and deal with these symptoms(WebMD).

The Herpevac vaccine was inept against the virus after two doses of the vaccine, with an overall efficacy of 20%. Despite being ineffectual against HSV-1 and HSV-2, the vaccine did provide some protection against infection. However, this protective effect was observed mainly with HSV-1, not with HSV-2. HSV-2 antibodies were detected after the second dose of the vaccine, but fell to undetectable levels by the 6 month of the study. A third dose was administered; the levels were detectable again, but fell soon to undetectable ranges soon after.

From being infected many people feel afraid to have sex because they do not want to pass it on to their partner during sex. In any case, doctors recommend not have sexual intercourse when blisters are booming. There are different treatments that make the least painful outbreaks and reduce the severity of blisters or wounds caused by the herpes genital virus. However, it has not yet found a cure to end the virus forever. Doctors are investigating vaccine that can eliminates

The symptoms vary in males and females. In males there are sores and blisters, itching, burning and scratching. (https://www.stdcheck.com/herpes-2-symptoms-in-men.php)

SR described the feeling as sensation of warmth and safety whenever he chased heroin. It made him feel relaxed and confident. At a higher dose, he felt as if in a dream-like state. He knew that heroin was a drug that could bring harm to his health, but he could not forget the euphoric feeling after the first chase. SR frequently went to the secluded places with his friends which were known as “ports”. Initially SR spent RM 5 for each heroin use. After a month, he realized that the amount of heroin was insufficient to produce the euphoric effect that he wanted. He then spent approximately RM 20 to RM 30 for each heroin use. He chased heroin

Gastrointestinal. Nausea (with or without headache or vomiting,) diarrhea, epigastric distress, abdominal cramping, and constipation are the most common adverse effects reported during metronidazole therapy. Patients have commonly reported a sharp, metallic taste; glossitis and stomatitis have occurred, and may be related to Candida overgrowth during successful therapy; patients with known Chron’s disease

Moreover, chronically use of minocycline has a good safety record. Long-term treatment with minocycline at dosages of up to 200 mg/day, is the highest dosage recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration ( FDA), is generally safe and well-tolerated in humans. Minocycline’s known and most common side effects, including nausea and mild dizziness. However, according to the British National Formulary, for treatments continued for more than 6 months, it is recommended to monitor every 3 months for hepatotoxicity, pigmentation and systemic lupus erythematosus, been advised that treatment should be discontinued if these develop or if pre-existing systemic lupus erythematosus worsens. The antibiotic properties of minocycline was

The most common presentation with vancomycin was high level of serum creatinine, urea and increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. The incidence of nephrotoxicity varied between

The clinicians nor the patients will know if they have received the treatment, the control, or the treatment with immunosuppressants. For safety patience will be kept in isolation for the duration of the trial to prevent the spread of the HPV if it is shown to have unforeseen negative effects in humans

These side effects include but are not limited to bleeding, high blood sugar, dizziness, headache, rash, elevated blood potassium levels, edema, nausea, and constipation . In addition to the potential side effects of each individual drug is the complication that most patients with CVD are given multiple treatments and therefore, are at increased risk for the development of adverse drug reactions . In a recent study, adverse drug reactions of all cardiovascular drugs were evaluated by monitoring patients that showed any adverse drug reaction over a 2-year period to assess their demographic profile, adverse drug reaction pattern, severity and causality. Data revealed that cardiovascular drug-related reports accounted for 18.1% of all of the adverse drug reactions (Palaniappan et al., 2015). Given the side effects, it is important to monitor cardiovascular therapies critically and to focus on alternative approaches in case adverse events are overly

A new drug development process starts with animal testing, before it is been tested in humans. These animal studies are designed to ensure that the drug is effective and safe in animals. Moreover, the results obtained should be reproducible. But even the reproducible results on animal studies cannot provide relevant prediction of the safe and effectiveness of a new drug.