Herpevac Trial Essay

     Herpes, from the ancient Greek meaning to creep or crawl, is the name of a family of viruses of which herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the most serious human pathogens. HSV-1 is normally associated with orofacial infections and encephalitis, whereas HSV-2 usually causes genital infections and can be transmitted from infected mothers to neonates. Both viruses establish latent infections in sensory neurons and, upon reactivation, cause lesions at or near point of entry into the body.

Throughout history, vaccinations have been used to help the prevention of infectious diseases; some of which can produce serious illnesses, crippling disabilities, and ultimately be the cause of death. There is evidence of ancient culture’s attempting to treat transmittable diseases with various forms of inoculations. Developments in the research of vaccinations increased during the mid-twentieth century because of the established of more advanced laboratories, improved equipment, and new innovations. The progression of medicine during history has helped further the development of research into vaccinations. Several cultural, ethical, and religious issues have resulted from the development and use of vaccinations in our society. The topic of vaccinations has caused a strong debate amongst our culture about the safety and danger of treating infectious diseases with such methods.

Herpes is one of the common of more than 30 different sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) in America today. Herpes is an infection that is caused by one of two closely related viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Both of which are very easily caught, have similar symptoms, and can occur on different parts of the body. Even though it is most common to see the virus HSV-1 appear as oral herpes and to see the virus HSV-2 appear as genital herpes.

Thesis: Immunizations are one of the most important medical advances in history. They have severely reduced the effects of dozens of viral infections and everyone should consider getting immunized.

consists of two types; HSV1 and HSV-2, both of which infect humans and are easily

Herpes is not medicated right away it can form some type of cancer. The regular

HSV-1 is generally transferred from one person to another by kissing.... HSV-2 is usually transferred by vaginal intercourse or anal intercourse. Yet in the same way HSV-1 may invade the genitals and then trigger genital HSV simplex virus, HSV-2 will transfer from a single person's genitals to one other person's lips, leading to oral herpes.

From being infected many people feel afraid to have sex because they do not want to pass it on to their partner during sex. In any case, doctors recommend not have sexual intercourse when blisters are booming. There are different treatments that make the least painful outbreaks and reduce the severity of blisters or wounds caused by the herpes genital virus. However, it has not yet found a cure to end the virus forever. Doctors are investigating vaccine that can eliminates

Oates states that "the herpes virus [HSV1 & 2] is a roughly rounded particle, with its protein coat made up of a large number of hollow protein units. The whole is surrounded by a loose, 'baggy' envelope and measures about 100 nanometers ... “(p. 22). The herpes virus is transferred through body-to-body contact, most commonly when sores are present. However, the virus can be spread when there are no signs or symptoms of an outbreak. HSV usually infects the mucous membranes around the mouth or genital areas, but sores can form anywhere on the body. Once inside a living cell HSV takes over and the cell

Living in an environment where we are prone to many viruses, it’s very important that one take the proper precautions or considerations to control the risk of getting affected. However, when utilizing the ability of not becoming infected, one may question the fact weather there’s an actual effective form of prevention or not. To clarify the uncertainty, over many years one of the most strategic methods that have been used for the control and preventions of viruses are vaccinations. A vaccination takes advantage of one’s body natural ability to primarily learn how to eliminate almost any disease causing germ or microbe that affects it. Therefore vaccinations are considered one of the most effective ways to prevent severe outcomes initiated by viruses.

Most vaccines trials have focused on designing a product that can stimulate the production of neutralizing antibodies against the herpes virus (Johnston, Gottlieb & Wald, 2016). A virus causes herpes and this means that there is no known cure against the infections. Therefore, medical researchers have mainly focused on developing a vaccine against the virus. One of the most notable vaccines against the infection is delta-gD-2, which was developed at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University. This vaccine aims at deleting the gene, which is responsible for the gD-2 protein (Johnston et al, 2016). The virus uses the gD-2 protein to infect humans and thereby cause the herpes

After reading the article about the human papillomavirus (HPV), my curiosity spiked. As a mother of 2 girls, I will have to decide soon if the HPV vaccine is one I want my children to receive. I have head multiple arguments for and against the HPV vaccine, but have done little research on my own. As always, it is amazing how many questions can be answered and cleared by a few hours of research and self-education. Some of the amazing facts gathered include the discovery that it only takes one infected sexual partner in an entire lifetime to contract the HPV virus, 80% of sexually active people will contract the disease while experiencing no symptoms, and the virus is contracted via skin to skin contact making it very infectious.

Herpes simplex virus is epidemic in the United States; however, precise statistics are unknown as it is not a reportable disease and 50-70% of recurrent infections are asymptomatic (McCance, Huether, & Brashers, 2014, p. 932). Furthermore, it is estimated that 80% of infected individuals do not know that they are positive for HSV (McCance et al., 2014, p. 932)

Among the many arguments for mandatory HPV vaccination, the foremost is that it is an important medical achievement and a major public health milestone. This vaccine has proven to be one-hundred percent effective in preventing the 4 HPV strains that are responsible for seventy percent of cervical cancers and ninety percent of genital warts. In addition, no serious side effects have been identified. Because this vaccine is a preventive measure, administration before onset of sexual activity is ideal; however, even females who have been sexually active can still benefit from this vaccination (Perkins et al., 2010). Nationally and internationally, the HPV vaccine will significantly reduce disease burden by reducing monetary and psychological costs of invasive procedures that remove precancerous and cancerous lesions. By combining vaccination with routine Pap smear screening, these public health efforts have the remarkable opportunity to eradicate cervical cancer (Ramet et al., 2011).

The symptoms start appearing after two to five weeks of infection. The main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low fever, rashes, loss of appetite and yellowing of skin (jaundice), abdominal pain. Diarrhea occurs in case of children. No specific treatment is there. Patients need adequate rest and proper nutrition. If skin becomes yellow then the patient needs a blood test or a liver panel test. If a person vomits for a long period amount of time, they get dehydrated; then, only then, hospitalization is needed. Patients should drink a plenty amount of water, or fluids. He or she should take food, which does not cause any harm to the liver. Patients should avoid tea, coffee or any alcoholic beverages, which causes harm to liver. He or she takes adequate rest. He should not take any medicine which causes harm to liver. If patient is confused about taking medicine then he or she should consult a doctor. Techniques for growing HAV in cell culture have made it possible to generate sufficient amounts of virus for vaccine production. Several inactivated or live attenuated vaccines against hepatitis A have been developed, but only four inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are currently available internationally. All four vaccines are similar in terms of efficacy and side-effect profile. The vaccines are given parenterally, as a two-dose series, 6-18 months apart. The dose of vaccine,