The Evolution Of The Institutional Revolutionary Party In Mexico

By means of land redistribution and Import Substitution Industrialization, PRI reinforced economic and social defections and even further promoted the remarkable economic development. In political aspect, it also largely contributed to settle down the ethnic and regional conflicts and created an atmosphere that was conducive to co-operate. As Andreas Schedler mentions in his journal, PRI brought “the end to armed strife between regional warlords and rival revolutionary factions by its foundation (pg 5, Schedler, 2000)” . Besides in accordance to the 2000 released article from the Economist, PRI used to fund the opposition political parties in order to maintain their existence in politics (The Economist, 2000). In brief, the PRI govern on the basis on collaboration, not on coercion.

As once put by Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz, Mexico is a land of “super-imposed pasts” (McCormick, p.326). It continues to be and is seen as a melding pot of its European and Native American ideas about society, law and government. Its history has had a major influence on the political culture of Mexico, seen through years of revolution, violence and corruption. Mexico is a considered a new democracy, but there is a tension still seen between democracy and authoritarianism. The country we see today has impressive growth yet is still enduring poverty. It’s a geographically diverse country, with a population of approximately 106million people. Latin American political culture is seen as “elitist,

Mexico consists of three main political parties that build the framework for the Federal Government of Mexico. These three parties are the Institutional Revoluntionary Party (PRI), The National Action Party (PAN), and the most recent addition, the Democratic Revolutionary (PRD). There are many similarites between Mexico's political parties and the United States, the PAN leans to the right of the political spectrum making it Republican, and PRD swings to the left making for a Democratic party. The most popular of the three, PRI sits right in the middle of the spectrum and has more of a independent politcal ideology.

After Diaz had won by a landslide, he released Madero from prison. Madero promptly fled to San Antonio, Texas to plan a revolution. There he wrote the Plan of St. Luis Potosi, which said that the election was fraudulent and that he was the provisional president of Mexico. The plan was purely political and Madero planned to have a completely democratic government. The plan said nothing about changing the situation for farmers and peasants. However, rural peasants latched onto the plan, thinking that Madero would also reform the country economically and socially. There were many revolutions carried out under Madero's flag, specifically revolutions carried out by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

Children are taught at a young age learning the three branches of the United States and how well they work however Mexico’s government is very similar to the US. Mexico’s government is a lot more developed than you might think; it has a good structure with three branches also called Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches.

The Mexican Revolution began November 20, 1910, and ended on May 21, 1920. The revolution was against the regime of Porfirio Diaz who reigned for 35 years, after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. and was not a good president in the sense that he failed to support the middle and lower classes of Mexico. It was run by the middle (some in the middle (A very a little amount) and all in the lower classes, and they were all influenced by Francisco I. Madero. Although the lower classes didn’t originally full on oppose Diaz they felt neglected as a people. Madero saw this and sought out to influence the people of the country to revolt, so that they could then shift their views completely. Madero writes the Plan de San Luis Potosi, which was a political document written by Madero to describe how he was wrongly imprisoned by Diaz in order for him to lose the election. Madero also wrote the document to spread new ideas on what democracy was, and how to eradicate corruption in Mexico’s government. With the publication of this document support for Diaz and his presidency easily disappeared eventually causing him to resign. Madero then ran for president and won the election properly. But he only reigned for two years before being assassinated, by none other than the military governors, military, and lower classes because Madera failed to make any change in the social classes. A key factor that lead to his assignation was that the

During the Mexican Revolution there were many prominent figures that emerged during the long struggle. Some of the figures had a positive impact on the region, and some others a very negative impact on the people of Mexico and their quest for an uncorrupted government. One figure that stands out in the border region between Mexico and The United States during this time is General Francisco “Pancho” Villa. To understand Pancho Villa’s significant role during this uprising it is important to understand who Villa was prior to the revolution, and what acts lead to his rise to power.

The Spaniards made what we now know as Mexico into a racially segregated country, where the Europeans had priority in the casta. The white Caudillos were at the top of the pyramid, while the middle class, and then the Mexican Campesinos and the Mestizos were on the bottom. Each group of people worked against each other to try and distinguish themselves from another group. After Mexico gained its independence and the colonials went back to Spain, Mexico had to find a way to function as a country on their own. Society, let alone a democracy would not continue to work if all the racial groups continued to fight against each other. The different groups needed to learn to work together, which is what complicated Mexico forming a democracy. Colonial, racial, religious, and economic legacies served as roadblocks to Mexico’s independence and ability to establish a lasting democracy, because Mexicans could no longer compete against one another like they did under Spanish rule.

The Mexican revolution was a long and costly battle among several factions for agrarian reforms that ultimately radically transformed Mexican politics and society.

The governors made sure to issue a \emph{Convocatoria} that favored the attendance of delegates loyal to them \citep[][506]{langston2001rules}. These delegates voted in favor of keeping most of the changes contained in the drafts distributed to the local assemblies in July (e.g. dropping the concept of ``social liberalism'' from the Declaration of Principles). However, they proposed additional changes which were unexpected by president Zedillo and his collaborators within the party. First, the CPN --in control of the governors after the XIV National Assembly-- became the most important party organ (replacing the National Assemblies), in charge of selecting the party's main leaders (i.e. the president of the CEN and the general secretary) and the use of the party's monies.

Porfirio Diaz was the president of Mexico who was responsible for the modernization and industrialization that took place in the country. His motto was paz, orden y progresso, he didn’t want there to be wars in Mexico like there had been in prior years. He wanted there to be change and progress. In order to accomplish paz y orden he was known to be ruthless and crude. Diaz was not going to tolerate disloyalty or disobedience and for those who chose to do it anyways suffered the consequences. For some it would be exile and for others it would be going to work in the haciendas as peones. Furthermore for the first time Mexico had shown its potential and had begun to catch up with a rapidly changing world. The nation’s achievements in technology and culture went on display around the globe at world fairs and expositions in Europe and the United States (Deeds, Meyer & Sherman, p. 347).

I like the essay, “Mexican Deserve More Than La Mordida” written by Joe Rodriguez. With the upcoming presidential election, this essay really ignites my uncertainties and concerns on who would be the best candidate that will change such crooked and twisted government system. Overall, corruptions has been a very controversial issues, not just in Mexico—sadly— around the world. Some countries are brutally manifested and ferociously corrupted than others, but many countries are said—generally—to have “serious corruption problems.” Jose Rodriguez, is a man with a strong opinion and I personally admire and respect how he distinguish the bribery as way of Mexico’s corruptive manifestation.

Throughout its history Mexico has had many revolutions. The most famous perhaps is the Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920. The people of Mexico were getting tired of the dictator rule of President Porfino Diaz. People of all classes were fighting in the revolution. The middle and upper classes were dissatisfied with the President’s ways. The lower and working class people had many factors such as poor working conditions, inflation, inferior housing, low wages, and deficient social services. Within the classes everyone was fighting; men, women, and children all contributed to the fight for freedom from Diaz (Baxman 2). This revolution proved to be the rise and fall of many leaders.

Not all of these key goals were accomplished by the policies between 1920 and 1940. While the push for reform slowed down between 1930 and 1934, Cardenas was responsible for policies reflecting several of the aims of the revolution: land redistribution; the promotion of government control over foreign owned companies; the implementation of nationalist policies involving Mexico's oil production; the organization of corporatist structures for trade unions; the nationalization of railways (1938); the adoption of a free and compulsory educational system for all Mexicans; and policies of integration for the indigenous population (Joseph & Buchenau ch. 6). Most importantly, he created the Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM), a political juggernaut that would dominate Mexico for over seventy years. The formation of the PRM, later known as the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), was the greatest consequence of the Revolution on post-1950s Mexico; the PRI had an impact on not only Mexico’s political life, but on life in the countryside and on the migration from rural to urban areas/the U.S. as

PRD was created as a "National Democratic Front", a combined effort from a group of people that divided from the PRI and several forces from the left, in the 1988 elections. The first candidate and many would say founder, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas whom had lost the 1988 presidential election under questioning conditions, which eventually helped the party unite itself. It has long controlled the Federal District. When it comes to elections and the process the (PRD) has allied in the past with the Labor Party or the Partido Del Trabajo (PT) a labor party formed in 1990