Michael Faraday: His Life and the Liquefaction of Gases Michael Faraday was born on September 22nd, 1791, at Newington in Surrey, England to a Sandemanian family (Crowther, 7). The Sandemanians were an almost unknown off-shoot of the Presbyterian Church. Faraday was baptized in the Church but only became an official member in 1821. His religion was an important part of his life, though it featured little in his work (Crowther, 25-26 and Day, 28). From an early age Faraday showed a passion for facts and distrust for authority, two qualities that would later on characterize his scientific studies (Crowther, 9). He always had to see something occur for himself before putting any stock in it. He repeated experiments he saw in scientific …show more content…
He heated, in a sealed glass tube, a solid compound of chlorine and water and noticed an oily liquid separating from the compound. One of the other researchers present at the time, John Ayrton Paris, berated Faraday on his dirty apparatus but Faraday was happy to inform the gentleman the next day, after performing some tests on the "impurity" that the oily substance was in fact liquid chlorine (Crowther, 22-23). The entire text of Faraday's letter to Ayrton on March 6th, 1823 is below: "Dear Sir, The oil that you noticed yesterday turns out to be liquid chlorine. Yours faithfully, M. Faraday" (James, 296). The pressure in the test tube had heightened considerably due to liberation of chlorine from the solid compound and this pressure was enough to result in liquefaction. Using the same procedure, Faraday was also able to reduce other "permanent" gases such as sulphurreted hydrogen, nitrous oxide and ammonia to liquid state (Faraday, 12-18). He thus showed that the distinction that had hitherto been drawn between vapors and gases was fallacious and that permanent gases were merely vapors of liquids that had low boiling points (Crowther, 22-23). His research won acclaim in scientific circles and people as famous as Andre-Marie Ampere (James, 328). Faraday indicated in a letter to the French scientist Charles-Gaspard De La Rive on March 24th, 1823 that
Lisa Jardine’s Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution provides a comprehensive breakdown of the discoveries that defined the Scientific Revolution and the history behind them. The story of the scientific revolution truly begins with a separation between the Catholic Church and the denizens of Europe brought on by the Protestant Reformation. This separation led directly to the questioning of the church and what they deemed to be true. The growing suspicion of the church applied not only to the politics and religious views but the scientific “facts” the church was built upon. The suspicion of these scientific facts quickly grew to an open challenging of these facts, The Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is something we have all studied in our grade school years and the discoveries of people such as Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei are well documented and arguably common knowledge but Jardine’s book Ingenious Pursuits encapsulates the scientific revolution in a new light. Jardine accomplishes this by telling the stories of some of the greatest achievements of the Scientific Revolution. These stories reveal the collaborations of some of histories most brilliant minds as well as the secrecy amongst them and uncover the motives that fueled many of these accomplishments.
This is Thomas Edison. Thomas Edison is a famous inventor who invented lots of things that we use today. He was born a very long time ago in the United States of America.
Science Methods – He took steel wool to a flame. It did not do anything.
He started to gather manuscripts from the House of Scholars very secretly. He then experimented in the tunnel that was secret, only his friend and himself knew. The experiments that he did in the tunnel lead to the discovery of the light bulb. He wanted to present his idea to the Council of Scholars but they didn’t like the idea for multiple reasons. He did not belong the the House Scholars, ideas that that are individually created don’t exist, and many other scholars came up with ideas that were also
His curiosity and inventiveness produced the Franklin Stove, a practical device that allowed the more efficient heating of larger rooms during winter. His study of electricity included the famous kite experiment by which he proved that lighting was electricity. This discovery led to his invention of the lightning rod, which soon appeared on buildings all over the world. His scientific efforts also included works in ship design and meteorology, and a theory of heat. In addition, he invented bifocal vision lenses and even a harmonica.
Henry Rowland’s “Plea for Pure Science” displays his impudence towards all inventors and other scientists such as myself. This plea calls for telegraphs, electric lights, and other such inventions to be completely disregarded as science. Rowland also believes that “pure sciences” should be held on higher pedestal of importance than any other applied version of science. I firmly believe this plea to be unwarranted and libelous. If we only focused on pure sciences, our nation would never be able to utilize this knowledge to its full potential. However, the actual applications of these sciences provide greater benefits to society as a whole and allow our nation to advance not only technologically but also intellectually.
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate some physical and chemical properties of gases and to use these properties to identify these gases when they are encountered.
Humphry Davy is widely known for discovering chlorine and iodine and also for creating the Davy lamp. Davy also inhaled laughing gas to test its disease causing properties. Davy tested with many things like oxides, nitrogen, and ammonia. With all the experiences he had gone through, Davy began writing books about his experiments and gained lots of respect and fame for his work. Humphry Davy may not be a familiar name, but to some the name “Davy Lamp” lights a bulb within their mind. Humphry Davy can be known for creating the “Davy Lamp” which was a safety lamp that was used for flammable atmospheres. The lamp made an impact on the world because it provided safety for many miners and many people could’ve gotten injured or killed if the lamp was never
In 1747 Franklin began his electrical experiments with a simple object that he had received from Peter Collinson in England. He advanced a tenable theory of the Leyden jar, supported the hypothesis that lightning is an electrical phenomenon, and proposed an effective method of demonstrating this fact. His plan was published in London and
Robert Boyle, a philosopher and theologian, studied the properties of gases in the 17th century. He noticed that gases behave similarly to springs; when compressed or expanded, they tend to ‘spring’ back to their original volume. He published his findings in 1662 in a monograph entitled The Spring of the Air and Its Effects. You will make observations similar to those of Robert Boyle and learn about the relationship between the pressure and volume of an ideal gas.
Franklin published his theories in a book titled "Experiments and Observations on Electricity Made at Philadelphia". It became a best seller in Europe as well as in the colonies. The main topic of this book was Franklin's theory that lightning was electrical energy. This was not a new idea, but Benjamin Franklin was the first to perform an experiment on it. He said that if a metal rod was to be placed on top of a tower or a tall building, it would be struck by lightning and hold an electrical charge. Many scientists in Europe tried this experiment, and some had successful results. When a French scientist, De Lor, attempted to repeat one of the proposed experiments from the book a huge crowd of curious people had gathered in Paris to see it.
Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia at midnight between July 9th and 10th 1856. He was intelligent since his early childhood. He soon became interested in engineering and he studied it at the Technical University in Graz, Austria, from 1877 to 1880. Right after that he went to the University of Prague in 1880, but his father had died and he withdrew his studies from the University soon after. Tesla always dreamed of becoming an electrical engineer and to invent a new type of power transmission instead of Direct Current (DC). He mourned for his father for about a year, but he had to return to his work. In 1881 he went to Budapest to work as an engineer for a telephone company, but this isn't what he wanted to in life. Tesla's
Nikola Tesla is regarded as one of the most brilliant inventors in history. His work provided the basis for the modern alternating current power system, as well as having developed both radio and the fluorescent light bulb. He worked with Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse, among others. He was also widely misunderstood by his peers and the public at large.
An expression states, “Curiosity killed the cat.” In the case of science, curiosity has helped figure out what exactly makes the world go around the sun and many other things that we could not live without knowing. Curiosity sparks an interest and is the reason for flying a kite in the middle of a lightning storm, it is the reason we have cars, computers and other machines. Throughout history, there are many famous scientists and chemists that have helped explain, and shape the world we live in, Michael Faraday is one of those people. He caused a big impact on the world through his beliefs, discoveries, and contributions to the scientific world.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) was an inventor and is responsible for the world as we know it. He developed alternating current, the Tesla coil, and wireless connectivity. Today he is regarded as one of the most important geniuses in history, but while he was alive, his ideas were largely unsupported.