Micro-Aggressions

The PSYC 255 course at Liberty University is an introductory course that offers students a fundamental perceptive of different techniques used for research and investigation of data in the behavioral science field. The eight week course itinerary is filled with assignments that direct the student toward a path that is filled with collective psychological research approaches and design methods. It offers fundamental familiarity about the American Psychologist Association (herewith called APA) ethical and legal requirements. Plus it directs a student toward comparing the APA’s standard methods used for the research theory process versus bible standards. Lessons follow coaching in the relevance of a case study approach and the advantages and disadvantages. Then, a comparison study is done on qualitative and quantitative research technique and consideration. Upon course completion students are able to identify and understand the essentials of the research, method of preparation, overall written communications and technical considerations.

ii) Most people a similar to me, which is the dominant group that owns power.

According to the course syllabus we were introduced to the techniques of psychological research. This course was able to provide an understanding of how research is done, and what methods we can use to do so. By having a clear understanding of research and techniques used, it allows us to communicate effectively in regards to ideas behind the research process. In this paper, I will use myself as the case study to examine exactly what I learned about research.

The general aggression model (GAM) is the most contemporary theory of aggression as of 2015. The GAM, as discussed by Anderson and Bushman (2002), focuses on addressing and discovering the biological, environmental, psychological, and social factors that influence aggression. This aggression model “accounts for both short- and long-term effects of an extensive range of variables of aggression (Warburton & Anderson, 2015, p.375)” due to its biosocial-cognitive approach. Benjamin (2016) describes the opportunity for appraisal presented within this theory. GAM articulates the influences on a person’s immediate appraisal of the situation. “This immediate appraisal occurs automatically, and includes an interpretation of the situation and an

Social Psychological Theories of Aggression Social learning theorists propose that behaviour, such as aggression is learnt through observation, imitation and behaviour shaping. This behaviour is learnt automatically through observation of male and female role models, for example parents, peers and media characters. Whether or not this behaviour is imitated depends on the type of reinforcement that the role model receives. Vicarious reinforcement involves the outcome of a role models behaviour, for example if a child observes a parent acting aggressively and receiving positive rewards for they are more like to be imitate this behaviour in the future, than they would be if the role model

"No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main." As a part of the society, it is unavoidable to enjoy the power and the privilege while experience the discrimination or micro-aggression both consciously or unconsciously. The sexual orientation and race is closely related to the power and the privilege. The perceptions of micro-aggression are largely based on the systems and situations that we are participating in. In this paper, I will talk about my relationship to the power and privilege, my experience with micro-aggression and my past and current perceptions of micro-aggression against LGBTQIA (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual).

Micro-aggression is described as, “a subtle but offensive but offensive comment or action directed at a minority or other non-dominant group that is often unintentional or unconsciously reinforces a stereotype”. (Dictionary.com). Many people in the world are actually unaware of micro-aggressions, whether it’s actually receiving it or even handing it out. Micro aggression can be really discriminative and can also really do damage to a person. Some universities are actually trying to police these micro aggressive situations. Policing is defined as, “ Archaic regulation and control of the affairs of a community, especially with respect to maintenance of order, law, health, morals, safety, and other matters affecting the public welfare.” (Dictionary.com) Universities are really looking out for these micro aggressions, which really are a danger in society. Honestly

Chester Pierce a Harvard Psychiatrist, established the expression “micro-aggression” in 1970. According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary micro-aggression refers to a comment/action that is often unintentionally hostile or demeaning to a minority or marginalized group member (Merriam-Webster). This term was developed by Pierce due to witness of insults toward African-Americans from non-black Americans; In addition three years later Mary Rowe an economist, extended the word to embrace aggression against women. Rowe established “micro-inequities”, which were disputes in regards to examples like: race, sex gender, sex orientation, and gender identity (Hehmeyer).

During this past summer, The University of North Carolina (UNC) was infected with a micro-aggressive pandemic. Micro-aggression is everyday put downs or insults which is towards a socially devalued group of well-intended people who may be unaware that they have engaged in such biased behaviors (Sue, D. W., Sue, D., & Sue, D. W., 2003). The entire campus was tormented with the politically correct malady. The University officials discharged guidelines to the staff on issues ranging from gender-neutral dress codes to conversations about women's shoes in hopes of spreading off the atrocious disease. One of the guidelines of the University's Employee Forum advised against complimenting a woman on her chores of footwear. Campus Reform was the first to the Universities micro-aggression policy. It covered everything from Islam to transgenderism. To compliment a lady on her choice of shoes would be considered micro-aggression meaning "I notice how you look and dress more than I value your intellectual contributions. How you look is really important." (Todd Starnes, 2016)

Microtia is a condition that an individual may be born with that can cause either one or both of the ears to be abnormally small or absent. Today in our society, people born with this birth defect are treated differently. We must increase the awareness of Microtia to stop bullying. If we help spread the word about Microtia, numbers of bullying will decrease and it can possibly give us a key to eliminating bullying as whole. The rising issue of bullying due to Microtia is becoming more and more serious, and starting a non-profit organization could ultimately enlighten other on the condition.

This theory has played a significant role in helping mankind in the formation of social movements especially within contemporary society. It is imperative to note that Social movements are organized and sustained collective efforts that focus on some aspect of social change, and tend to persist over time in a more aggressive way compared to other forms of collective behaviour. Social movements may include actions that protect environments, defend the rights of the minority or promote social justice. The frustration- aggression theory argues that social movements are formed when frustration results in collective aggressive behaviour.

At the beginning of this subterm, I had a limited understanding of the proper research methods used within psychology. Despite having previously completed several psychology courses, two being upper level courses, there was still much I needed to learn pertaining to psychology research methods. While this research class has been on only an introductory

The participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires anonymously and to submit it at the end of class time or within 3 days in a designated box.

This chapter will focus on the research design, study area, study population, sample size and sampling procedures, data collection instruments, validity and reliability of data collection instruments, data analysis techniques and ethical considerations.

Relational aggression (RA) is defined as nonphysical behaviors that aim to deliberately cause harm to another individual by destroying relationships, harming social status or self-esteem, or public embarrassment (Crick, Werner, Casas, O’Brien, Nelson, Grotpeter, & Markon, 1999). Examples include behaviors such as purposely ignoring a peer, spreading rumors, creating undesirable gossip, and excluding a peer from group activities, (Crick, 1996; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995; Crick, Ostrov, & Werner, 2006). RA can occur as early as preschool years, and plays a huge role in the interactions among this population with behaviors such as covering one’s ears as a sign of ignoring another peer (Bonica, Arnold, Fisher, Zeljo, & Yershova, 2003; Crick et al.,