Minnie is an energetic, outgoing, caring 7-year-old who is in the 2nd grade and is struggling in her reading skills, her hyperactivity, inattention, and irritability. Minnie appears to have general ability cognitive skills at a level appropriate for her age. She demonstrated significant variability across cognitive areas, with her ability to use reasoning to identify and apply rules identified as a personal strength. Minnie was found to have difficulty with working memory. A skill which is very important to reading and is consistent with identification as a student with a learning disability in the area of reading. Minnie’s level of academic achievement in reading is lower than might be expected given her cognitive abilities. Minnie displayed inaccurate word reading. She also had difficulty understanding the meaning of what was read. In an interview with Minnie’s parents, they reported she has experienced difficulty with reading since kindergarten. Given her history of academic struggle with the foundational skills of reading, her lack of response to tutoring, and her reading achievement that is significantly lower than expected, Minnie appears to meet the criteria for a Specific Learning Disorder in the areas of reading accuracy and fluency. Given the severity of the deficit and that Minnie has demonstrated success with comprehension when text is presented orally, Minnie’s success in math, and the history of the problem, it is not likely that her difficulties with attention
The DBRS Compuscore shows a complete summary of the DBRS that was completed. Andrea had a raw score of 19 for the subsection Distractible. The raw score is calculated by adding each subsection column. The Standard Error of Measurement(SEM) is 5 for this section. The SEM for this assessment is dependent on the interpretation of the scores on this test. The SEM is used to determine a probable range in each subsection of this assessment. A conversion table was used to derive a T-Score. A T-Score of 50 represents an average behavioral rating. Andrea’s T-Score for distractible was 74. These scores placed her in the 99 percentile. This means that out of 100 children of the same sex and chronological age 1 would obtain a score above, and 99 would obtain a
Her kindergarten teacher recognized her inability to stay focused compared to her peers. In first grade, Grace took longer to complete assignments, had a tendency to daydream, and had difficulty with paper and pencil tasks which was the most noticable in math. Her first and second grade teachers provided her with additional educational support through small group instruction, and she receives weekly instruction from the reading specialist. Finally, her scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition and Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement show she has deficits in the areas of Working Memory, Passage Comprehension and Math Fluency. Since information has been obtained by a variety of dependable sources, identifying Grace as a learning disable child is
Learning disabilities are a life long struggle but if caught at a young age and early intervention takes place. The stress on the child and family is greatly reduced. Learning disabilities spread to every part of a child’s life affecting them socially. Teachers must remain professional and refrain from calling students lazy as in Adams case. A good teacher or specialist can demystify a learning disability and help a child’s
Author note: This paper was prepared for the American Federation of Teachers by Louisa C. Moats, project director, Washington D.C. site of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Interventions Project, and clinical associate professor of pediatrics, University of Texas, Houston, Health Sciences Center. Her work is supported in part by grant HD30995, “Early Interventions for Children with Reading Problems,”
Ever since I was young, I knew something was different about me. I’ve always had an active imagination and would write all kinds of stories, sometimes through pictures and sometimes through words. Not until I was in first grade did I notice my writing was different than my friends. It didn’t bother me though because I was too young to realize something was wrong; I was just different. One weekend, after playing restaurant with my mom and brother, my mom contacted my teacher to talk about some concerns she had with my reading and writing. She was told that I seemed to be progressing on an age-appropriate level with my peers and that nothing appeared to be wrong. But my mom persisted, and insisted that I be tested for a reading disability. My dad is dyslexic and my mom, knowing it can be passed down, was watching for the signs in my older brother first and now me. After testing, one of SV’s school psychologists announced that my results showed I had a learning disability. I then went to my pedestrian to talk about it and then to a special learning center in Sewickley for further
Jasmine Keller is a fourth grade student who has been monitored and reported as a student at-risk. Jasmine has a, “weak short-term memory that affects her involvement and progress in the general education curriculum in the areas of reading decoding, reading fluency, reading comprehension, spelling, and math calculations. Her reading level is at second grade. Broken down word recognition is at an equivalent of grade 1.7, and comprehension at 1.3. She has relative strength in vocabulary. If given classroom assessments with a screen reader she is very successful. Her writing skills assessed to be uneven with only weak spelling skills, which is at a first or
There are many different types of learning disabilities; the most common ones are dyslexia and attention deficit disorder. (Jerome Rosner. –third ed. 1)
Students with learning disabilities struggling with so many things and in so many ways. Problems with listening, reasoning, memory, attention, selecting and focusing on relevant stimuli, and the perception and processing of visual and/or auditory information are experienced by students with learning disabilities (Heward, 2010). These difficulties and struggles with learning may grow more apparent by middle school and will often continue for a life time. Not learning to read,
Based on my observations of the assessments, K.M lacks proper fluency and comprehension skills. In addition, based upon her continuous pausing while reading, I can indicate there is a speech area of concern. K.M. battles with making the accurate connections needed to produce reading comprehension. She often appears lost and completely off topic. Although K.M. displays vocabulary understanding, there is a misinterpretation of linking the vocabulary meaning to the actually passage/text being read aloud. Furthermore, K.M. when uncertain about an answer tends to guess a whole heap. The fluency levels show a slight growth, however it is not a huge jump. K.M. assessment indicates she is reading below grade level (2nd grade) and needs intervention
The symptoms Minnie exhibited were: dehydration, low blood sugar, fatigue, lactic acid build up, and low blood oxygen. The reasons to support these symptoms because when she left to go hiking that day she ate a leftover piece of steak which is protein and not carbohydrates. That explains the low blood sugar level. The fatigue and lactic acid build are caused from several things: one being that she hike 13.5 miles the day before, so her muscles are already tired and the other reason is the lack of hydration causing her muscles to build lactic
Resultantly, Mickey and Minnie have a story related to their life and someone else will earn profit by publishing their story. As per IRS code if a taxpayer own an intangible property or right including a work of art or literature, patents, goodwill, licenses or any thing received earned as part of arrangement for any contractual display of artistic work that is owned by the tax payer that that he allows others its use and consequently the taxpayer receive amount from that other person, same shall be treated as royalty income.
The mother explained she cannot read or write in the English Language, but her son’s older siblings can and try to help the younger sibling. The two older siblings have been very successful throughout their educational experience and have not struggled as the younger. She stated that her son as no desire to read at home, and completing homework is an everyday struggle with him. This student is in Tier 3 of the Response to Intervention (Mesmer & Mesmer, 2008) process, and has been referred for testing for special education services.
Jennifer has a history of difficulty with early reading skill milestones. She had difficulty learning the letters of the alphabet in kindergarten as well as trouble with initial sounds, sight vocabulary and rhyming. Her overall language development was
This task represented her significant weakness in this cluster, meaning she has difficulty with auditory memory span and has sufficient skills in working memory capacity. This presents itself in the classroom when Leyla struggles to listen to her teacher’s direction for assignments. When she misses crucial information she completes assignments
Additional impairments have been noted. These include: anxiety, depression, short-term memory problems, and attention problems (Appleford School, 2008; Vasconcelos, 2009). As such, a variety of comorbid disorders have also been identified, such as ADHD, dyslexia, and Asperger’s syndrome. Due to the high prevalence of co-occurrence, some psychologists question