Municipal Economic Development Policy

Failed policies enacted by previous mayors such as Mr. Donald Schaefer resulted in various downtown development projects; part of an economic stimulus plan funded by federal grants and city bonds (Perazzo,2013). Schaefer's administration is singled out since this, according to Perazzo (2013) may have been the focal point of corruption in Baltimore city mayor’s office during the city’s economic decline. Henceforth,

With a growing real estate market, investors can expect a good return on their investment. In addition, the industries within the town bring in new residents and potential business income.

What do you do when you feel hungry? Do you have the ability to reach for a snack? Most of the people who receive services from Metropolitan Ministries do not have this luxury. Nearly a million children are in poverty in the state of Florida. September is Hunger Action month, making it the perfect time to get involved. You can help these hungry kids without worrying about your money.

In conclusion, every governing body holds a certain power for management and development of the cities, state, and nation. What I believe is that the local government should get power in policy making and make other decisions of particular areas within the state because local government will have more information about what are the actual need and wants of people of their locality. However, the local government should cooperate with the state government while implementing their policies. Furthermore, the laws and policies should be implemented by looking at all perceptive and values of the people over these issues.

Gentrification has a positive effect on a community in the sense that it ameliorates the local economy. In lower income neighborhoods, the expansion of businesses and creation of jobs is limited by the deficiency of monetary flow. However, as wealthier residents relocate to the area and invest money in the community, businesses develop. Overtime, this trend continues and results in economic development as well as more jobs, which benefits the community. Secondly, the process of gentrification typically results in a lower crime rate. This is because gentrification involves the attainment of vacant properties in order to build new developments. Therefore there will be a decrease in vacant properties which typically attract crime. Additionally, an increase in population results in an increase in local government revenue from taxes which can be spent on law

also means more money to circulate in the area which essentially promotes the into a better one.

This paper will analyse the 2013/14 Fiscal budgets the City of Ukiah and California City. I will attempt to examine the similarities and differences of both these cites revenue and expenditure line items in their budgets. The cities are similar in that they generate revenue from many of the same resources and they have similar expenditures in their annual fiscal budget. However, the cities budgets strategies are different because both these cities demographics, social, economic, political platform, and historical characteristics guide both cities elected official’s decisions during the budget process.

Is it a coincidence certain areas only consist of black civilians or white civilians? The articles “The City as a Growth Machine by Logan and Molotch, Minoritized Space by Michel Laguerre and The Construction of the Ghetto by Massey and Denton demonstrate segregation between racial backgrounds are divided into into specific neighborhoods that contributes as a benefit towards whites. I will be arguing how the theory of Karl Marx on estranged labor is related into these article but also Angela Harris theory on Critical racial theory contributes, clarifies and supports the author 's reasons on why segregation still exists among communities. I will be connecting argument by adding evidence to support my argument with Karl Marx and Angela Harris theory within the articles.

Economic growth is the focus of every city. Through economies of scale cities such as Chicago and New York continue to experience great economic expansion. Continued growth, however, opens up the gateway for urban sprawl and the lack of a centralized economy. As cities expand their land use people disregard once thriving centers of industry and business and locate next to newly developed "Greenfield" type businesses. Often times the only thing left in the wake are rundown, abandoned business districts. In an effort to revitalize these deserted areas, councils in charge of economic development will use many different policies. An occasionally controversial policy is called a TIF or Tax Increment

City area can no longer rest on its reputation as a diversified economy with a well-educated population. The region has fallen behind in growth and competitiveness compared to its peer cities and it needs concerted focus to improve.

Layoffs brought much saving, but new positions post was added later, which added more jobs, meaning more government spending. Debt of Toronto has been rising, and the interest payments on debt have placed a huge burden on the operating of the city. Unifying wages, which means paying the same salary to employees of six local municipalities for the same work, increased salary costs. As for financing issues, in 2003, Toronto did not gain any fund neither from the federal government, nor gain the fund from the provincial government, that is even fewer than 38 big cities in united states(Schwartz，2009,p.487).The ability to raise revenue of Toronto is governed by Ontario's municipal law, and provincial and federal municipalities are reluctant to provide additional financial assistance. However, most of the 38 big cities in the united states have the legal right to use sales taxes and income taxes of city hall, and are greatly assisted by the state and federal governments (Schwartz,2009, p.487). Capital expenditures in Toronto mainly include the construction of public facilities, environmental maintenance and the service capital assets required for enterprises and individuals. More importantly, a largely number of infrastructures should be provided and maintained for more people in this new city. In 2004, the government received more funding from the provincial government in order to meet its infrastructure needs, which, however, causes a substantial increase in capital

This strategy has focused on infrastructure investments (everything from sewers to arenas) and tax cuts to attract investment and the development of new industries. The result is that Newark is showing signs of economic renewal, in particular in its ability to attract middle class professionals back to the city. Over time, this trend will create a more dynamic Newark with a diverse economic base and a vibrant demographic. However, the impacts of these changes on the existing residents, most of whom are poor minorities, are largely going to be negative. They have neither the education nor training to take advantage of the new jobs and industries, and may find themselves priced out of their own neighborhoods. Newark appears headed for economic renewal, but social renewal may be stifled by rising tensions between the existing citizens and the new citizens that Newark intends to attract. These citizens, already facing lower social spending as the city shifts its funding priorities to infrastructure projects, may be compartmentalized into smaller pockets of the city or forced outside of Newark altogether, resulting in civic disharmony that the city will need to manage in order to continue to experience economic

When the expectation is to level up, not down, often any chance of savings is eliminated and may even include hiring additional supervisors, support staff or specialized positions (L.G.C, pg. 153). This addition of staff may also take place due to a loss of volunteer positions within smaller municipalities, which may impact the community connectivity to municipal programs or events. Norris, Pharres and Zimmerman’s Ontario study suggest that within a regional government system, the larger the municipality, the higher per capita expenditures (L.G.C, pg. 154). Local government service and program are often dictated by

What if a tax increase came to a city because of a sports team, would it be alright? Of course not, right? Well, consider being told as a tax payer and being told it will help the economy of city to build a stadium. However, a tax increase is never highly looked upon, and large companies sell extraordinary economic growth, and cannot produce the promise.

When new development or renovations on empty lots begin the citizens of the communities start asking amount them who will be the beneficiary of the gentrification. Even the displaced of mom and pop businesses are disappear. And the neighborhood no longer can afford to leave on such communities. The question is how does gentrification impact the government? Well, government plays a big role in serving low income to citizens. It create apartment that an affordable to them. It doesn’t impact the government on a negative way because they generate new policies and programs that help the people from the community. So, many types of local and states polices are design to accommodate affordable houses, even though the cost are increasing. One of the several program that the government had is one called “inclusionary zoning” (IZ). The characteristics for this program are: “(1) whether they are mandatory or voluntary, (2) what size or type of development projects are affected, (3) the required share of affordable units, (4) the