National and international security threats are typically perceived as conflict between nations or populations of people and are addressed with military strategies. However, as security is defined as … (Define security) not all threats emanate from nations in conflict. The environment, for example, can threaten the safety of people, and therefore becomes and national security issue. Brown (1977) states “…threats to security may now arise less from the relationship of nation to nation and more from the relationship of man to nature” (p. 5). Homer-Dixon (1991) says “A number of scholars have recently asserted that large-scale human-induced environmental pressures may seriously affect national and international security” (p. ???). Kaplan (2000) takes this idea a step further and asserts that not only is the environment a national security concern, but it is “the national-security issue of the early twenty-first century” (p. 19). Climate change is a security issue, as it “threatens to wreak havoc on the natural processes that nurture life.”
Examples of the environment as a national security issue: (Deforestation, air pollution, species extinction, oil spills, untreated sewage, etc.): Homer-Dixon (1999) gives examples of how environmental issues threaten security: “Deforestation increases the scarcity of forest resources, water pollution increases the scarcity of clean water, and climate change increases the scarcity of the regular patterns of rainfall and temperature on
This paper recognizes that climate change, which can be defined as the gradual increase in temperature caused by the increased production of carbon dioxide, presents a fundamental national security challenge.
National security, in the 21st century, has shifted from the focus on traditional threats (armed forces) (Siddiqi, 2013) to the integration of new threats and challenges, which have global consequences as the world evolves. Climate change has been increasingly identified as a serious contemporary security threat (McDonald, 2013), nationally and globally, instead of an environmental concern (Dupont & Pearman, 2008). This challenge presents a long-term global threat, with substantial human, national and transnational security repercussions (Wuebbles, Chitkara & Matheny, 2014). Furthermore, Wuebbles et al. (2014) acknowledge climate change as a threat multiplier, seen to exacerbate stresses (i.e. conflict, instability and poverty), enhancing the global importance of the issue as recognised as a critical national security risk. In perceiving climate change as a threat multiplier, this essay will recognise how the issues cumulative progression and consequences interacts with existing security issues, directly and indirectly challenging national security (Brown, Hammill & McLeman, 2007). Secondly, the long-term risk of climate change will be discussed, analysing the importance of implementing adaptation strategies for risk protection and vulnerability reduction. Finally, being a transnational security threat, global cooperation will be addressed, stressing the importance of internationalism and collaboration to protect against this evolving threat to national and
Threats we currently face in our county and the new threats (manmade and natural) I see as future possibilities;
In Canada, concerns involving environmental security are not the top priority. But due to recent research, Canada must be more strongly committed to environmental security due to increasing environmental problems internationally. There are many ways Canada can stay committed to environmental security, for example, increased funding to Canada’s Department of National Defence’s Environment Department. Also to stay committed to increased access and support to Voluntary Environmental Programs across Canada. Finally to completely stay up to world standards in environmental security, Canada must implement an effective environmental planning system. Throughout the essay, the topic at hand will be if Canada is able to implement these actions to
Climate change and its link to increased terrorist activity will directly and indirectly affect the United States in the next ten years, while also laying the foundation for climate change to become one of the most pressing security challenges that the United States will face in the coming years.
Political will is hard to maintain on climate change in part because humans react to tangible and immediate threats to survival. The threats of climate change and terrorism to the international community are interesting to look at for which gets more attention and some general possibilities why. Climate change is the type of threat that may never be properly dealt with until it is too late since its effects are slow and mostly unnoticeable to the common person, hence the cliché frog in the pot
With every threats/attacks we faced, the better our security policies/procedures become. I see these changes to be beneficial event in homeland defense. Both private and public law enforcement agencies working together is more effective in preventing threats/attacks on the United States. Both agencies plays of major role in protecting the people of their community. With similar authority, private police will have the courage to act outside their jurisdiction if they have probable cause of a felony or terroristic threats occurring or about to occur. TSA training partnership program will be more affected at major and non-major airports by spotting out those individuals that are trying to bring contraband on the plane. This will reduce the chances
This articles starts off by first talking about a speech given by the President. In his speech he talks about how climate change "constitutes a serious threat to the global security, and an immediate
A major effect of climate change will be the increase of insecurity around the world threatening peace in the US. A major concern has come from multiple reports created by the pentagon worried about the resulting scarcity and degradation of resources
As a nation, we face many problems because everyone has a different attitude towards certain things. Over the years, I have notice that no government is perfect. Every country has an area they lack in when it come to their citizens. This paper will examine three different theories when it pertains to the current political issues happening. The first component is the symbolic racism theory, which can be seen as being institutionalized when it comes to the part the government plays. The next concept being explored is the security dilemmas theory that will focus on the conflict between the militia group, ISIS, and the U.S. The last theory examination will concentrate on the cognitive dissonance about the current presidential campaign. Each theory
The United States is an ecologically rich and diverse nation. Ever since the United States became a country so many years ago, they have remained one of the places that everyone from all over the world strives to make a living in. But what if in the future the United States couldn't offer people the basic needs of life such as water, food, land, and clean air? Well that harsh reality isn't too far away after all. Due to the increase in land and water usage in the United States it has become a cesspool of urbanization and disease. Because of this the United States is quickly running out of natural resources and shows no sign of stopping. “The US Environmental Protection Agency Resource Conservation website begins: Natural resources and
There are many problems facing the world today. One of the biggest issues facing future state leaders is the management of environmental threats to the United States’ land, water and air quality.
Climate change is becoming a focal point for security and conflict research. Research suggests that violent conflict is affected by climate change and this could become increasingly worse in the future. Barnett, J., Adger, W. (2007) suggest that climate change undermines human security by reducing the access to natural resources that sustain people’s way of life. Climate change also has the capacity to undermine states as well by cutting off the states ability to provide opportunities and services that help maintain life and which help to maintain and build peace in daily life. With access to natural resources diminishing and the state not being able to provide opportunities and services that help maintain life and human security this
Environmental Issues are referred as air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, loss of vegetation, deforestation, desertification, non-renewable mineral resources, soil desegregation, soil erosion, and overgrazing.
Security is a central concern in the study of international relations (IR). Yet despite being the focus of considerable scrutiny, few agreed conceptions of security exist (Buzan, 1991; Huysmans, 2006; Terriff et al., 1991; McSweeney, 1999; Morgan, 1992; Croft 2012; Smith 2000). Buzan even goes as far to posit that the very conception of security is “essentially contested” and thus poses an unsolvable debate (Buzan, People, states and fear; Little, ideology and change, p35). These disagreements have created rifts in the security community over what can be threatened and indeed what can even be considered a threat. Part of the complexity to the subject is derived from the numerous opposing and often contradicting theoretical perspectives within international relations itself, of which security is a sub-field (Terrif et al. 1991 – Security studies today). This paper thereby seeks to trace the various theoretical strands of security studies with the hope of elucidating how and why Islam, and Muslims immigrants have been increasingly portrayed as a threat and ‘Otherised’ in Britain.