Natural Disasters And Urbanization On Foreign Aid For Basic Resources

In the 1990’s cereals and grain were popular in Africa, with over 60 percent of the land used for these crops (ita 2004). From the 1930’s to the 1990’s Africa saw a reduction of 13 percent in agriculture’s share (ita 2004). During the 1970’s and 1980’s, there was a period of drought that affected both the crops and native plant in the area (Boffa Dixon Garrity 2012), which may have contributed to the decline of agriculture’s share. Also, in 1992 the production of corn fell from 10 million to 3 million tons, due to the drought (ita 2004).

Environmental factors are a factor that affect living and nonliving organisms and have participated in Ethiopia’s problem in food deficiency and food insecurity. A large environmental factor that can affect food deficiency and food insecurity is natural hazards and disasters. These can include droughts and floods which can upset agricultural production. For example, grain production and stocks are very low and droughts have hit harvests in grain-producing areas around the world. A more specific example for Ethiopia is that because of Ethiopia’s seasonal rainfall from mid-June to mid-September, soil erosion and

The location and geography of the country has caused the people to experience famine after famine, leaving many to die from starvation. A famine is in definition, “A great shortage or an extreme scarcity of food over an extended period of time” (Webster). There are several different types of famine that occur in different types of the world. The type that Ethiopia generally goes through is called a Ravallion. During a Ravallion famine, there are unusually large amounts of causalities with extreme shortages of food in certain parts of the population. There are many things that cause famine, whether it’s draught, plague, or civil disrupt. Right now, Ethiopia is experiencing a draught that has killed almost all of their crops. Because of the famines that Ethiopia experiences most every year, there is usually an increase in the amount of people malnourished. This year, 11to 14 million people are expected to go hungry leaving many to starve to death. Ethiopia has experienced many draughts like these, the worst however, being in 1983. This draught lasted two years and the draught alone killed over 400,000 people in one year, this doesn’t include the deaths that were due to starvation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia).

Many support agricultural modernization, as a solution Africa’s, and many other impoverished nations hunger problems. This would include the industrialization of their agricultural industry, using modern, genetically enhanced seeds, and fertilizer. Yet, some of the same groups that are promoting the organic movement in the United States are advocating against the globalization of modern industrial agricultural practices (Paarlberg 179). Those who support modernization of such nations argue that the current process in inefficient, and inadequate. They believe that globalization of the highly capitalized, science-intensive, agricultural system that has been developed in the West, is the answer to the worlds hunger problems. They also warn that if the West abandons its current practices, it may fall victim to famine due to inadequate production (Paarlberg 179). However, supporters of organic production point to the fact that each year, approximately ten million tons of chemical fertilizer are poured onto our corn

The Ethiopian economy is based on subsistence agriculture, whereby 85% of the population produces its own food (CSA, 2008). In a recent development plan the country aims at transforming the agricultural sector from subsistence to a market oriented production system. This transformation plan entails the participation of smallholders in both input and output markets. The policy targets diary farmers in pre-urban areas. This is because Ethiopia, despite its largest livestock population in Africa, has one of the lowest dairy production and consumption in the continent. The country has an average production of 4billion litter of milk per annum and a consumption of 25.6kg/year per person (Ayenew, 2008). Food consumption in Ethiopia largerly depends on cereals. Enjera-be wet, a traditional bread with spiced source is the most common food. The fasting season among the Orthodox church followers restricts animal source food consumption for about five to seven months per year for adults. Diets recognized as monotonous, cereal based and lacking diversity also lacks essential micronutrients and can contribute to the burden of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, especially for children, who need energy and nutrient-dense food to grow and develop both physically and mentally (see Vakili et al., 2013; Arimond and Ruel, 2004; (Bukania et al., 2014)

The role of the FEMA is to coordinate federal government’s support during domestic disasters. There are some politicians such as former presidential candidate Mitt Romney who believe states and the private sector should actually have the sole responsibility of managing emergencies in response to to natural disasters in their jurisdiction (Duffy, 2012). But one has to question; do states have the resources to manage their own natural disasters? Hurricane Katrina shows us individual states do not have the resources necessary to recover from large disasters. It was not until after the federal government responded with food, water, and man power that the states and their citizens were able to get the relief they so

Majority of the people in Ethiopia are suffering from poverty. In Ethiopia there is no enough food and people cannot feed their families easily. All of these poverty problems are related to backward agriculture and drought. Agriculture is one of the basic source of food and people depend on the agricultural products in Ethiopia, but it is very back ward and farmers are still using oxen and horses to cultivate the land. This is why farmers cannot produce enough and their work is from hand to mouth. Agriculture in Ethiopia depends on the rain, therefore if there is no enough rain there is no enough food. These are some of the agricultural problems in Ethiopia.

Both Somalia and Ethiopia are located within the far north-eastern part of Africa. Famine problems within this part of the country dates back to the late 1900’s. During the early 1990’s, more than 300,000

In addition to water scarcity, Ethiopia is facing issues with population growth. With 97 million people located in 426,400 square feet of land, the population growth rate is about 3.6% “Major Problems…”). The population of Ethiopia is 1.35% of the whole world’s population (“Ethiopia Population...”), resulting in Ethiopia being the second most populated country in all of Africa, only following Nigeria, which has a population of about 178 million. Given that the population is continuously growing, water scarcity and population growth connect in ways that negatively affect citizens of Ethiopia: not enough food can be produced to feed the increasing number of mouths. Ninety percent of Ethiopians live below the poverty line, resulting in an inability

Once new crops can be grown plentifully, the problem of child malnutrition can be addressed. Gates states that “malnutrition runs rampant across a continent of farmers, affecting children’s cognitive and physical development.” If one major change could be made to the way Africa is operating it should be one that changes for the children. Every improvement that should be made should be in favor of the next generation because they are the ones who will create success or not.

The Ethiopia and Bengal leaders both neglected to recognize that drought was a factor in their famines. Instead, the amount of food and where is was transported too was monitored by the government which result in a variety of problems. In Ethiopia, the government composed prices on its food. This resulted in the rich only being able to buy the food, leaving the poor to starve, creating a famine. In Bengal, food produced there would stay there and be distributed only within itself.

Second- Agriculture, fisheries and water management projects- improved food security and nutrition in the aid program are vital because millions of people’s livelihood depends on food, it also lead to increased economic participation. According to the Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research-ACIAR in Tokila, new program for managing the pests caused growth in sales of cocoa beans from 19 tones to 128 tones in just two years.

The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the U.N. estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications

This paper will analyze the affects that are harming the agricultural system in Kenya, Africa. There are numerous problems that could be taken into account for the lack of production in Kenya 's agricultural system. This paper will highlight four main issues that harm the development of Kenya 's agricultural system. These four main problems are leading factors that destroys the growth of crops and the success of harvest seasons. The first main point that will be analyzed in this paper is climate change which is the leading cause of bad crop seasons in Kenya. The next variable to be analyzed is the lack of infrastructure in Kenya’s geographical makeup. The third variable to be analyzed on the failure of Kenya 's agricultural system is pesticides and disease. The finally elements that leads to the harm on crop production in Kenya is soil nutrient deterioration. These are just a few of the cause that harms the development of Kenya Africa’s agricultural system.

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is defined by a weight for height ratio below -3z scores of the median WHO growth standards, through visible severe wasting or through the presence of nutritional oedema 1 . SAM affects twenty million children under the age of five worldwide where one million of these children die every year1. Senegal, a country in West Africa with an estimated population of 13 million people experiences a 20% mortality rate in children affected by SAM 2. This report will outline the current state of SAM in Senegal, programs and policies presented in Senegal in efforts to reduce the prevalence of SAM, evident gaps in these programs with a description of a suggested policy not currently employed and its implications.