Nature of Food Problem in India Beforeand After Independence

UNICEF stated that, “India, almost half of children younger than five years are stunted, a manifestation of chronic undernutrition. Stunting and other forms of under-nutrition are thought to be responsible for nearly half of all child deaths globally.” Children who are stunting they are facing under developed brain with many long term damaging consequences, as well as mental abilities and learning skills and can cause many problems for their future (UNICEF). Even though the economy in India has developed, the number of the children under the age of five have still been being stunted. According to UNICEF, “48 per cent or 54 million children under-five years in India are stunted. Stunting (inadequate length/height for age) reflects cumulative

Food insecurity is defined as the inadequate access to nutritious food and is simply represented by the orange slice on the plate. The unhealthy products (i.e., processed meat and non-perishable items) further emphasize food insecurity by showing the population’s unhealthy, yet

Food insecurity is a determent to health that has become more prevalent in low-income areas of the country. Food security is an important aspect of public health in which greater evidence is showing that food insecurity as a direct link to poor health. Food insecurity can be define as “the inability to acquire or consume and adequate diet quality or sufficient quantity of

Food insecurity is a term that was introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA labels the insecurity based on the severity with four different groups. One group is the Low Food Security; which means low quality, desirability or variety but no or little reduction of food. Very Low Food Security is reduced food intake and multiple disruptions of eating patterns. The opposite spectrum is High Food Security. This is no food limitations or no issues accessing food. Marginal food security is sufficient supply of food with some concern of ability to supply. (USDA, https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx).

Food security is a basic human right, which is essential for life. It exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy and active lifestyle [Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 1996]. Food insecurity at household level can be referred to not having sufficient food; experiencing hunger as a result of running out of food and being unable to afford more; eating a poor-quality diet as a result of limited food options; anxiety about acquiring food; or having to rely on food relief (Rychetnik et al, 2003). At community level, food security also depends on the availability and affordability of a variety of food items sold through retail and other food resources [United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2015a]. The geographical areas where accessibility to affordable and healthy food (especially fresh fruits and

In recent years, the rise in food insecurity, has led to researchers asking many questions and conducting many researchers seek to find out what percentage of various populations are living with inadequate access to healthy food. While several factors such as certain demographics contribute to food insecurity, income is probably the major determinant.

Food security is the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

The term food security has become more mainstream in recent years. Food security refers to all people at all times having physical and economic access to adequate amounts of nutritious and culturally appropriate food for an active and healthy life.6 The food should be produced in a sustainable environment and people should be able to make informed decisions about their food choices. Food security also means that people who produce the food are able to earn a decent living wage. At the core of food security is access to healthy food and optimal nutrition for all. Food access is closely related to food supply which is dependent on a healthy and sustainable food system. People who have access to adequate food but are limited by a lack of money or other resources are considered food insecure. The forces challenging food security include demographic change, high and volatile food prices, land and water constraints, and climate

The last but not the least, high food prices make the situation even worse. According to FAO ' s data, the population of undernourishment increased by 75 million, which is higher than it in 2003 to 2005. The scientists analyzed it is caused by the rising food price (FAO, 2008). Additionally, in some countries in African, South American and Asia where average income is very low, to achieve the food security is almost impossible. For instance, Afghanistan is one of the most food-insecure countries. In Afghanistan, with 80% of the population living in rural place, the agricultural industry is most significant to this country. However, the households in Afghanistan still need to spend over 60 percent of their budgets on food. In 2008, it can be easily found in the chart, the wheat flour price experienced a sharp increase from 15 per kg to 45 per kg, which greatly increased the burden of the inhabitants (D’Souza, 2011). When the flour price rises, the local people will certainly spend more percentage of their incomes on wheat flour rather than some high-quality vegetables and meat. Unreasonable diet structure can directly contribute to lacking nutrition and influence their healthy. As a result, a vicious circle is created and makes the

The calculation of poverty can be done for the different areas so that poverty can be decided more generalised than in worldwide kind of fashion. However there are many things that can affect why some families suffer from poverty and why others do not. These categories, which will be discussed in the “Cause” section of the paper, include the size of the family, increasing world population, rapid development, and an increase in demand in the protein-rich foods (Buttriss, 2011). People do not realize the ways that people can be classified under food

Living in poverty and being food insecure can have major effects on the individuals of a household, especially the children. In a report done by Briggs, Thampi, and Wight an analysis was done on the affects that food insecurity has on children. It was found that food insecurity could result in “poor cognitive development, socio-emotional development, and health outcomes for children” (Briggs, Thampi, & Wight, 7). It was also found that young children under the age of 4 in low-income families were more likely to be developmentally at risk than those children who were found in more food-secure households (Briggs, Thampi, & Wight, 7). Food insecurity has major consequences on

Record-high levels of food inequality are being felt most prominently in the world's cities. Since the year 2000, New York City food costs have increased by 59 percent, while the average income of working adults has only increased by 17 percent. (Breggin 1) rising food costs and lack of food availability in urban areas has created effects that are felt by millions of people around the world. The USDA defines Food insecurity as a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food, and it is plaguing our nation. Characterized by inability to find healthy food and not having enough to sustain a household are problems that an estimated 12.3 % of American households experience regularly (USDA 1).chart food sec..png

Food security is historically defined as the overall regional, national as well as global food supply and shortfalls in supply as associated to requirements (Foster, 1992). The same author contended that, even though, the increased observation of differences in the sufficiency of food intake by certain groups despite overall adequacy of supply, the term has been applied recently at a local, household, or individual level and it has been widened beyond notions of food supply to include elements of access (Sen, 1981), vulnerability (Watts and Bohle, 1993), and sustainability (Chambers, 1989). Different organizations, scholars and institutions define food security differently. However, basic concept remains the same.

Human security is defined as the safety from a combination of threats, specifically focused upon freedom from violence and the fear associated with it. There are several categories of human security, yet personal and economic security will be the focus. Economic insecurity is the situation of having no stable income or resources to support living. Poor working conditions, working in the informal sector, unemployment, low income, and poor health are all factors that force individuals into economic insecurity. Unfortunately, these factors easily result in homelessness, poverty, and illness which consequently, directly instigate food insecurity. The lack of economic security furthers to a lack of income, causing a sufficient quantity of affordable

Food Insecurity is defined as access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life, and at a minimum includes the following: the ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods and the assured ability to acquire personally acceptable foods in a socially acceptable way, qualified by their involuntariness and periodicity. Even though food insecurity affects everyone in the household, it may also affect them differently. Food insecurity mostly exists whenever food security is limited. Uncertain or limited availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods results chronic diseases psychological, and suicidal syndrome (Cook & Frank, 2008)