New Jersey Limusine Law Case Study

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The case of New Jersey vs T.L.O was a resultant case of a search conducted by the then assistant vice principal- Theodore Choplick at Piscataway township high school with two freshmen girls -T.L.O inclusive, after a teacher had caught them smoking cigarettes in the bathroom. The first girl had admitted to the offense, however, T.L.O denied this. This prompted Theodore to demand to search her purse where he found implicating evidence. In short, she was expelled and fined for 1000 USD. This led to a court case with an intent on proving that the school had violated the Fourth Amendment since the school was a Governmental organization. The Fourth Amendment states that “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,

Introduction Of Case: New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) is a court case heard and ruled on by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case dealt with the constitutionality of the search of a public school student after she had gotten caught smoking in a public school bathroom. The search provided evidence of drug paraphernalia, marijuana, and the intent of sale of drugs. The student fought the charges, stating that the search violated her Fourth Amendment rights. The United States Supreme Court ruled 6-3, that the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.

In the case New Jersey v. T.L.O., the student’s purse was searched after the principal had reasonable suspicion that she had cigarettes in her purse since she was caught smoking in the bathroom. The court decision in this case concluded that teachers are acting as agents for the state and are therefore allowed to search if they have reasonable suspicion. Students do have the Fourth Amendment right as all people in America have. However, student’s expectation of privacy has to be balanced with the needs of the school to maintain the educational environment. Schools do not have to obtain a warrant to search, but must have reasonable suspicion in order to search a student’s person or property.

New Jersey v. T.L.O, a supreme court case that took the stands in 1985, involved a fourteen year old freshman in highschool and a New Jersey public high school in which the minor attended. The minor by which public record only shows her by her initials T.L.O, was caught smoking cigarettes with another student in her high school’s bathroom during the school day. This act of smoking in the bathroom was against school policy as it was only seen fit to smoke in the school’s designated smoking areas. This court case was used to argue students rights in searches in public schools.

Please give the facts and significance of the two cases, mentioned on your weekly page, involving school searches: NJ v. TLO and Redding v. Safford School District. What is the difference between searches conducted in schools and those conducted in public? NJ v. TLO case was about a female who was caught smoking in her school bathroom. When she was searched money was found on her and list of people who owed her money and weed. In another case Redding v. Safford School District, “Savana Redding, an eighth grader at Safford Middle School, was strip-searched by school officials on the basis of a tip by another student that Ms. Redding might have ibuprofen on her person in violation of school policy” (Safford Unified School District v. Redding,

Explain how the legal standard of reasonable suspicion applied to the site administrator’s search of the student’s private property.

A major problem that many representative democracies had, and still have, is securing minorities rights within a system ruled by the majority of that country. This is when the term modern pluralism comes into light. Modern pluralism is the idea that having a large number of parties within a government will create more power in the system, which ensures that not a single group will contain total control.

This demonstrates Murphy’s initiative in fixing the economy through various beneficial solutions. Doing so he will be helping the people of New Jersey by lowering property taxes which individuals can finally be relieved to hear. Murphy also wants to be more strict with spending on transit to ensure that the roads and bridges are functional rather than crowded with tolls. Personally, I think this is very efficient because these two factors make New Jersey very expensive to live in lowering and being more strict will slowly bring back a better economy. Murphy wants to grow the economy so that it makes it fairer for the New Jersey residents due to the state being ranked last or near last in growth and inequalities. He states, “We need an economy that works for all New Jerseyans not just the special interests, I flat out reject the ‘us versus them’ approach to our economy, it is time we get back to thinking about ‘we’” (Phil Murphy). Murphy wants to achieve this by raising the wage to $15 an hour, ensure equal pay for equal work, and make millionaires and corporations pay their fair share of taxes. If this is successfull than the economic standing that New Jersey holds will soon rise from the bottom to the top. At the

In the case of New Jersey v T.L.O a high school student was suspected of trying to hide cigarettes in her bag. An official searched the bag and found cigarettes,marijuana, and a list of names of students who owed T.L.O. money, she argued that her Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches was violated. She was then charged with possession of marijuana and sentenced to one year of probation. Before trial, T.L.O. wanted to suppress the evidence discovered in the search, but the Court denied her motion. The supreme court said school administrators don't need to have a search warrant or probable cause before conducting a search because students already have a reduced expectation of privacy when in

Before PTSD became an official diagnosis, various other traumatic stress syndromes such as dissociative flashbacks and survivor guilt were used as criminal defenses for both violent/nonviolent crimes as well as a basis for successful insanity defenses. Initially PTSD raised concerns about its potential misuse in criminal courts, however, there were certain incidences where PTSD was found to be a legitimate phenomenon. Case in point, New Jersey v Cocuzza (1981). In this case, the defendant was a Vietnam veteran who was found not guilty for reason of insanity when he assaulted a police officer. Mr. Cocuzza’s defense was that at the time of the incident, he believed that he was attacking enemy soldiers. His claims were supported by the officer when he testified that Mr. Cocuzza was holding a stick as if it were a rifle.

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