Niger Delta Development Commission ( Nddc ) Act 2000 Essay

Situated along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea is a region about the size of South Carolina that offers a land full of sweet, light crude oil, known as the Niger Delta (Delta). The Delta sits within the country of Nigeria in West Africa and is in a constant state of crisis, underpinned by a multitude of key issues. Those issues include severe poverty, soil and water contamination, high infant mortality rates, low life expectancy, depletion of natural resources, corruption, and armed militia groups. These issues have one thing in common: oil.

Some laws are emplaced to keep the environment protected. In particular, speed limits make sure people are driving safe at an appropriate speed, if there was no laws on that people would endanger the environment and cause accidents. If someone was driving over the speed limit, they could crash and kill themselves or other people around them. Also, the laws placed on recycling is sometimes a burden for people, but it helps reduce the pollution caused by waste. If people didn’t recycle the environment and air would be in ruins and it could potentially be

To keep our environment healthy, all these element need to work together. There are no global laws protecting the environment and that is why everyone should practice good ethics when it comes to the environment. Environmental ethics is the part of environment philosophy which considers extending the traditional boundaries of ethics from only including hum and to non-humans. There are many ethical decisions that human beings make with respect to the environment. Humans are been considered of rational agents because they have clear preference, models uncertainty via expected values, and always to perform the action with the optimal expected outcome of itself. The action of the rational agent performs depends on the

One of the first environmental protection laws included the federal law, primarily a procedural law that the government uses before taking of any action. It puts requirements when it comes to construction or impact the environment in some way. Environmental assessment: asses the impacts the proposed project could have on the environment. If nothing is found, then the law is discarded completely. However, if there was something that challenges the environment. The next step is the environmental impact assessment, this is done by researching scientifically and theoretically the extent that the project could have. This is required if the government wishes to proceed with the project, extensively, this does not mean that it has to comply with the recommendations of environmentalists and the findings of the research, but it must document it. The act was in response to the public’s demand in 1967 after an oil tanker in Great Britain

Niger Delta region, placing the Nigerian oil output down to a third of its capacity” (Klare 3).

In our country law there is no business having obligation to protect environment. But a lot of company are don't care about their moral responsible and it give more negative impact toward environment. Good example would be toxic wastes cost them illegally to dump into the lake. All these wastes had destroyed all the food chain system and the wild habitats in the country. This case can looked in more theory who say that our tasks are more for protect human welfare and this idea was know as "ecology ethic" or " ocean ecology" which state that environment must be protect, regardless of either it gives direct effect to mankind or not.

Jonah Gbemre instituted a lawsuit on behalf of himself and the Iwhereken Community in Delta State, in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria against Shell Petroleum Development Company Nigeria Ltd, NNPC and the Attorney General of the Federation . Alleging violations of both constitutional provisions and those of the African Charter under the fundamental rights enforcement procedure in the Nigerian constitution, the Plaintiffs claimed that sections 33(1) and 34(1) of the constitution, their right to life and the dignity of the human person and articles 4, 16 and 24 of the African Charter had been violated by the oil exploration and production activities of Shell, which led to incessant gas flaring . In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the continuous gas flaring by the MNCs had led to the pollution of the environment, exposing the community to the risk of premature death, respiratory illnesses, asthma and cancer . Their crop production was alleged to have been ruined by pollution thereby adversely affecting their food security . Furthermore, many of the natives were said to have died with many more were suffering from various illnesses causing the Plaintiffs to complain that the community had been left in a state of gross underdevelopment . One of the many grounds on which the defendants hinged their case, according to Amao, was that the quoted articles of the African Charter , under the Nigerian fundamental rights enforcement procedure, do not create enforceable rights . Due

For example, Shell Oil, an MNC (Multi National Corporation), extracted 50% of Nigeria’s yearly crude output, and 14% of its own output from the Niger delta region (The Changing Nature of Third World Exploitation, 1995). Though a large number of the local populace was recruited by Shell to serve as the basic labor force, there has been no change in the deplorable conditions the locals were living in. Over a period of 15 years, due to massive and widespread oil spills, heavy land degradation of the alluvial soil has taken place. The locals, who come from an agriculture based society, have in effect, been deprived of their ancestral way of life, their heritage, all due to the greed driven actions of the partly

that the industry has on Nigeria’s environment. Since the drilling for oil began in Nigeria,

The country of Nigeria is located in Western Africa and borders the Gulf of Guinea between Benin on the west and Cameroon on the east. The country's land mass goes from the Gulf of Guinea in the south to the Sahel in the north. Comparatively, Nigeria is a little more than twice the size of California, or the size of California, Nevada, and Arizona combined. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja. Abuja replaced the former capital, Lagos in December 1991, because of its more central location, among other reasons. Lagos still does remain Nigeria's commercial capital. (encyclopedia.com)

Nigeria has a population of around 180 million, making it the most populous country in Africa. Nigeria is located in a region with tropical climate and that can grow variety of crops. With their numerous resources and growing technology they have been able to have positive economic advancement. Nigeria has had improvements in five of the ten economic freedoms. This includes Freedom of corruption, labor freedom, and management of government spending ("Nigeria." Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption.). Nevertheless these large improvements in their economy has not brought human development, where most Nigerians live under the poverty line. This paper will focus on why Nigeria has not been able to use their economic prosperity in the sector of human development, this includes standard of living, health, safety, and basic necessity one needs to live a stable life. We will compare it to the state of Ghana whose economy has also flourished but has been success in human development.

The Chad Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project is one of the largest investments in the private sector in Africa that costs approximately US$3.7 billion. The project is being funded by the World Bank and the International Financial Corporation. The involvement of these two major financial institutions is a demonstration of the rationale that the project will generate revenue that will enable the Chad and Cameroonian governments to invest more in programs that focus on reducing poverty like rural employment, education, and health. The involvement of the International Financial Corporation will be geared towards accomplishing three major roles. These are long-term financing, stabilizing role, and uplifting the quality and standard of mitigation plans and environmental assessments.

Most children in the Niger delta have little or no education, due to lack of funds from their parents who have lost their lands and have no jobs because of limited opportunities. The Niger delta government and the oil companies have refused to look into the situation; instead they favor their close relations neglecting the masses. Corruption in the Niger delta has led some youths in taking drastic measure in order to put food on their table. For example, Ikechukwu Efe an indigene of the Niger delta said that some of his friends created their own “oil refinery”, which is made up of crude oil in metal barrels with controlled heat from fire woods. This is a dangerous process in refining crude oil but the degree of poverty in the state left his friends with no choice. If only the government of the Niger delta have created jobs with the wealth of the state Ikechukwu’s friend would not have to put their lives in danger. Until corruption is put to an abrupt the people of the Niger delta will continue to live in poverty.

The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is the state oil corporation, established on April 1,

Increasing demand by the Nigerian people for visible contribution from the oil and gas sector to national economic growth