Research Summary and Ethical Considerations
Introduction
"A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin and/ or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/ or friction." (National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2007). It is essential to give education to the patients, family, care givers and health care providers to decrease the pressure ulcer rate. Multiple study about pressure ulcer revealed that pressure ulcer causes significant harm to the patients by increasing the length of stay in the hospital due to frequent pain, discomfort, infection and poor healing. The infection and sepsis occur from pressure ulcer can even lead to death. However, pressure ulcers
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The study highlighted that operation theatre, critical care unit and emergency care unit are the most high risk places for the development of pressure ulcer.
Factors connected to the health care personnel are views and values, responsibility and commitment, knowledge and competence and co-operation and communication. "The personnel's view of their work was seen as one reason for the development of pressure ulcer." (Athlin et al. 2010). In a hospital situation the main care focuses to treat the disease whereas in the communities care focused on prevention and basic pressure ulcer care. Responsibility and commitment of the nurses can prevention of pressure sore to certain extend. It is the responsibility of the Registered nurse is to assess for risk factors, prevention of pressure ulcers. Nurse should show an interest in their work especially to take the patient’s total care in order to prevent pressure sore. Nurses should constantly update their knowledge and implement evidence based practice in their care. They need to educate the patients, families and other health care providers about the measures to prevent bedsore. Proper communication between the nurses regarding the preventive measures implemented is very important to maintain continuity of care and prevent bedsore. Factors related to
Evidence suggests that pressure ulcers greatly increase mortality rates in both hospitals and nursing homes (Thomas, 2001). Patients who develop a pressure ulcer within six weeks of admission to an acute-care facility are three times more likely to die than patients who do not develop pressure ulcers (Thomas, 2001). Moreover, patients who develop a pressure ulcer within three months of admission to a long-term care facility are associated with a 92% mortality rate compared with a 4% mortality rate for patients who do not develop them (Thomas, 2001). This evidence alone shows how significant this problem is to the overall health status of patients. In my personal nursing experience, I have heard many complaints voiced from patients and their family members concerning the development of new pressure ulcers. Patients and family members have expressed dissatisfaction because of the increased stress and prolonged hospital stay often associated with the treatment of pressure ulcers.
The development of knowledge requires a number of processes in order to establish credible data to ensure the validity and appropriateness of how it can be used in the future. For the healthcare industry, this has provided the ability to create and form new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit & Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is
Target population was pregnant women less than fourteen weeks gestation that had a sedentary lifestyle. The researcher used two data collection instruments to complete this study. The first is The Cornell Protocol Fitness Tool that measured cardiovascular fitness level and peak oxygen consumption. The second data collection instrument used was The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed energy expenditure and daily physical activity. Candidates were excluded if they had chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, and any medical condition that will prohibit daily exercise, communication problems, or recommendation of primary care provider not to participate (Yeo 2009).
Pressure ulcers continue to be a prevalent issue in the health care system and causes “pain, slow recovery from morbid conditions, infection and death” (Kwong, Pang, Aboo, & Law, 2009, p. 2609). In the field of nursing turning and repositioning patients is a well-known nursing intervention to prevent development of pressure ulcers. However, many hospitals and facilities still neglect to apply this as a standard policy. This gives room for nurses and nursing aides to overlook the importance of this intervention resulting in increased pressure ulcer development. The purpose of turning and repositioning patients is to prevent oxygen
Nurses need to realise what they are looking for when performing skin assessments for patients. A study conducted by Thoroddsen et al (2013), found that out of 45 patients that had pressure ulcers only 27 were correctly recorded in the patient’s records.
Thus, the expected outcome is that there is prevention of skin breakdown relating to pressure ulcers during hospitalizations for patients.
Pressure ulcers during a hospital admission are preventable. Assessment and early intervention can stop skin breakdown before it begins. Many factors regarding Mr. J’s condition placed him at a high risk regarding nursing indicators. Mild dementia, recent fall and a fractured hip all require a high level of nursing care and indicates preventative practice. Upon assessment, precautions should be in place to deter further complications. The elderly are more
The worse possible outcome of a pressure ulcer is death, with an approximation of 60,000 patients dying each year as a direct result of a pressure ulcer (Stotts & Gunningberg, 2007). This is significant to nursing practice because if we can prevent more pressure ulcers from occurring, we can dramatically improve patient outcomes, patient family and satisfaction, and even prevent the death of a loved one.
Despite advancement of technology, pressure ulcer continues to be a primordial in the health care system. Prevention of pressure ulcer remains an important issue in the health care facility. The critically ill ICU patient is the main target of this disease. Prevention remains the key for this problem. Some facility have standard policy for the eradication of pressure ulcer However the question is will the sacrum pressure ulcer formation be reduced in adult critically ill clients
Studies have pointed out that nurses possess a significant role and extensive knowledge in pressure ulcer prevention. Instructive programs in the hospitals give great learning to nurses about the preventive and treatment techniques for
Pressure Ulcers affects patients the older patients due to the problem of immobility. A pressure
The INTACT trial showed a significant reduction in pressure ulcers (PU) incidence in the intervention group at the hospital (cluster) level, but this difference was not significant at the
Pressure ulcer is an adverse outcome in the clinical care setting that also linked to poor quality of nursing care. Though pressure should never happen in a professional care setting, it is still prevalent throughout the world’s medical settings. This article looks at many other previous studies from 1992 to present to compare and find the underlying issues that may contribute to pressure ulcer. A closer look at the nurse’s knowledge versus actual decision will be observe, because it is the key factor in pressure ulcer prevention.
Article two focuses on the effects pressure mattresses and overlays have in terms of the prevention of pressure ulcers. It is a quasi-experimental study. The study took place in a
Control is and has been a pervasive factor in the lives of many across the world, influencing the way research can be conducted or the way people try to maintain a balance in the weight or appearance. The simple principle has to ability to create complexities for a person both on an external and internal level. An example of this is eating disorders, in which a person manipulates the amount of nutrition they may receive, either by denying oneself or over indulging in it. Healthcare workers, in many aspects are at risk of developing eating disorders since a major contributing factor is perceived stress. Nurses specifically are in a unique position of susceptibility since they are in a high stressed job where control is often difficult to