Objective 2 Crop Competitive Ability And Disease Resistance

There are not many workers to cut acres full weeds to make the farm look organized. So to fix the solution, farmers use chemicals to kill the weeds. This solution makes it easier for the farmers to use because the process is fast. Another problem is that there are pest such as rats, birds, and other creatures that ruins farmers product. Pest tends to enter the farm and eat the products and will come back for more. Pest can also enter the farm and ruin the farm. Killing or removing the pest is the only way to fix the solution. But removing one by one is difficult. Using chemical to remove all the pest is the best way. Same method goes to removing all the insects and bugs. Insects and bugs are feeding on vegetables and fruits. Insect and bugs can ruin vegetable and fruits because when they are feeding on the product they tend to ruin the quality of the product. No one is going to buy a lettuce that is eaten by insects or fruits that has black spots. This causes the increases of all the products from being

Noxious weeds can be very harmful to all aspect of rangeland. They can outcompete native grasses and forbs causing a loss of forage to livestock and wildlife. A large number of noxious weeds have been purposely introduced to the United States for purposes such as food, forage, fiber and decorative ground cover. Programs have been created to help with the invasion of weeds. It’s taken lots of time and resources to get programs started up to be able to combat the effect of noxious weeds.

Mayan civilization underwent massive developments in agriculture and within their society. According to historian Sylvanus Griswold Morley, Maya Maize agricultural practices have remained the same as they were over three thousand years ago. (Morley 128) A uncomplicated process of felling the forest, burning dried trees and bushes, planting, and switching up the spots of the cornfields every few years. This system is known as the milpa agriculture, pulled from the Aztec word for cornfield. Agricultural tools were fire-hardened, the Maya xul, a pointed planting stick, the baat, a stone axe, chim, a fiber bag for carrying the seed corn. At first, they used sticks to punch holes into the ground, but progressively obtained more advanced farming techniques. Their main crops they grew were maize (corn), beans, squash, avocados, chili peppers, pineapples, papayas, and cocoa, which was used for

Permaculture Living Lab site was prepared by cleaning previous construction site. Weeds were cut and cardboard was then used to cover the PPL site. It has been suggested that this technique prevents weeds from growing, also cardboard will decompose over a period of time which provides nutrients to the site (Jacke, Toensmeier, 2005).

Duke, S. O. (1995). Herbicide-Resistant Crops: Agricultural, Economic, Environmental, Regulatory, and Technological Aspects. 83-84. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

The squash which should be planted in slow rooted squash becomes the living mulch. It’s thickness shades the weeds emerging from the cocoon upon which they were planted, and they banish any evaporation from the the tender soil. This greats help impress the chance of the crops survival, especially during the dry years. To discourage evil predators from approaching the corn, the squash protects it with it’s thick needly skin. This crop leaves a large amount of residue at the end of crop season, which can be used to build up the organic matter and greatly improve its

Weeds are generally controlled best through good preplant soil preparation. Using a cover crop will not only add valuable organic matter to increase soil tilth, but many cover crops will also outcompete or suppress weeds. Cereal rye, for example, can provide significant weed control through smothering and suppression from natural herbicides produced by the rye. Other cover crops, such as hairy vetch, will add significant nitrogen to the soil and attract many beneficial insects as well. These cover crops are traditionally planted the prior year and are tilled under prior to planting your flower crop.

To investigate and comparison the interference and Non-interference weeds on Alfalfa, this experiment, was conducted using a randomized complete block design in a three and four-year field of alfalfa. The study was conducted during two growing seasons of the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013, respectively. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-interference (hand weeding and non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The desired alfalfa was planted in Sept. 25, 2011 with the required densities. Considering that all sampling and research design were conducted in the third growth year of alfalfa, so required stem density per unit area was imposed to specified number by the clipper after alfalfa growing at the beginning of spring 2012. Each plot consisted of ten rows with

To prevent resistance to herbicide, farmers are required to vary herbicide use and practice crop rotations.

Many varieties of genetically engineered crops have been designed to decrease the need for chemicals, particularly pesticides. Herbicide-tolerant varieties are among the most widely used type of genetically-modified crop, which enables farmers to use a single herbicide to eradicate weeds rather than rely on a cocktail of pesticides and herbicides. Eliminating weeds in this fashion also decreases the need for soil tillage, which can negatively impact soil ecology. (Ford,

Despite being customized to be resistant to pests, it is shown in the report of the United States Department of Agriculture that herbicide usage on genetically modified plants has been increasing significantly over the years (Benbrook , 2004). Benbrook (2009) states that such an increase usage in herbicide is driven by the occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds. If the genetically modified plants are to be sprayed vigorously with more

There are tremendous advantages of using bio-control compared to chemicals (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). These include consumer/occupational safety good, no crop withholding after use, good environmental safety, high specificity, low cost of development and low potential of resistance. In other hand, chemical methods causes’ health concerns, crop withholding period after use, restriction in export, broad spectrum toxicity to non-target beneficial organism, high potential of resistance and also accumulation in food chain. Chemical method is also costly with long development time due to registration requirements.

Weed infestation has been known to cause substantial reductions in crop yields thereby obstructing sustainable agriculture (Ayeni et al., 2013). Weed competition was identified by Mbanje et al. (2001) as the most important factor for yield reduction in both commercial and communal farming in Zimbabwe. Weeds threat had forced farmers to use synthetic herbicides which have detrimental effects on the environment. Synthetic herbicides are also expensive and are not readily available for communal farmers’ use. Chemical and mechanical weed management reduce profitability in crop production since these methods are expensive. Recent efforts are being intensified on finding alternative strategies for weed management. The need for safe food production has developed steadily over the years as a result of consciousness about food quality and environmental concerns regarding agrochemicals used in agriculture. Such efforts include the use of allelochemicals which are believed to be much safer than synthetic herbicides. Crops/plants release chemicals i.e “allelochemicals” which could be utilized for

In that mapping Jaguar is my selected brand and main competitors are Mercedes and Audi. So, after reviewing that map it can be say that for this three specific brand there has same target customer. However, among those three brands Jaguar holds a moderate position that means they have sporty cars but not like the competitor. So, to get a better position jaguar has to reposition this brand. For that Jaguar have to identify competitor advantages that it do not have right now. In that mapping the market leader is Audi .That means they have different variety of sports cars and those cars are more expensive. Mercedes holds second position in that market that means they have more sports cars rather than Jaguar but not as many as Audi. However, there cars are not much expensive.

IN mutual effect of treflan herbicides and tillage methods on several of Berseem clover and several Bullwort weed, total weeds, dried weight of weeds, yield has beer meaningful at 1 percent level and hasn't been meaningful on several wild carrot , weight of thousand grains, sheath numbers in canola plant, sheath length in canola plant, total numbers