Oddi Banding Essay

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Inflammation usually forms when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct that transports bile. Cholecystitis is the most common problem resulting from gallbladder stones (90% of the cases).

Acute Pancreatitis: Acute inflammation of the pancreas.The most common pathogenic mechanism is autodigestion of the pancreas. The etiological factor injures pancreatic cells or activates the pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas rather than in the intestine which may be due to reflux of bile acids into the pancreatic duct through an open or distended sphincter of Oddi. The result may also be caused by blockage created by a gallstone. Obstruction of pancreatic ducts results in pancreatic ischemia.The pathophysiology involvement of acute pancreatitis is

When pockets develop in the wall of the colon, this is called diverticulosis. The pockets that form are called diverticula; the pockets pick up fecal matter as the body’s waste is propelled through the colon.

There seem to be an increasing application of Roen-en-Y gastric bypass today by some surgeons. This is a restrictive procedure that has minimal mal-absorption issues and it makes part of an array of bariatric surgeries. However, the most commonly used procedure is biliopancreatic diversion or Scopinaro, which have been used for more than two decades and are popular in with many surgeons more so in the developing countries. This process is intended to inhibit absorption of fat in a bid to trigger massive weight loss in patients who are morbidly obese. It restricts gastric thereby diverting bile and pancreatic fluids to the distal ileum (Consensus Development Conference Panel, 1991). This procedure therefore exposes a limited area of small bowel for the absorption of nutrients that need biliary and pancreatic fluids. The procedure and its variations are still common as indicated above including; biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, which also result in malabsorption. It is however noted that most patients who undergo this procedure also experience severe protein and fat related malabsorption problems.

I knew the severe symptoms that I had were not characteristic of gallbladder disease. Particularly not in the beginning, when there was only a very small amount of gallbladder sludge. The very elevated liver enzymes I had were also a mystery because they also do not occur when there is gallbladder sludge alone. They can occur when there is sludge blocking a duct, but there never appeared to be any obstructed ducts in either of the ultrasounds I had during that

Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water, bile salts, bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order to help digestion. Bile contains chemicals that break down/emulsify fats by dispersing fat globules into small droplets, therefore increasing the surface area, in turn speeding up the reaction. When fats get to the small intestine they

Weight loss surgery, also known as bariatric surgery is recommended by many physicians to people who are unable to benefit from traditional weight loss methods. However, choosing to undergo weight loss surgery isn’t an easy decision. It is an important decision that will drastically and permanently impact a person’s life. Therefore, before making such a significant decision, an individual should be aware of both the risks and benefits associated with weight loss surgery (McGowan & Chopra ix).

The gallbladder and bile ducts along with bile juice perform significant functions, including digestion and fat absorption and excretion of various metabolites from the liver.

Gallstones are described as digestive fluid that has hardened which can be very painful. They form in the gallbladder which is a pear shaped organ that is located on the right side of of the abdomen right underneath the liver. Gallstones can be many sizes which varies how much the pain is. They can be as small as a crumb to a size of a golf ball! Ouch! Also, some people have more than one, while other people may just have one. More than likely, you will have symptoms if you have gallstones and if you do have symptoms, most people have to get gallstone removal surgery. These symptoms may include, sudden pain in your upper right side of the abdomen or under the breast, back pain between shoulder blades, right shoulder pain, nausea, or vomiting.

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, clinically known as Cholelithiasis, is a very common medical condition affecting most of the world’s population. It is mostly prevalent in the western countries. “In the U.S. alone, gallstones are present in 8-20% of the population by the age of 40” (University of Connecticut Medical Center, n.d.). Stones can come in varies sizes and two main types. This condition can present itself with absolutely no symptoms and completely go unnoticed but is most commonly diagnosed with the patient experiencing biliary colic. Ultrasound is considered most accurate in diagnosing stones. Treatment is completely dependent on the severity of the condition but most commonly

Gallstones may sometimes cause certain symptoms. These symptoms include Chronic Indigestion, which have symptoms such as nausea, heartburn and bloating.

The gallbladder is located under the right lobe of the liver. It stores bile that produced by the liver until it releases into the duodenum to expedite absorption of fats, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals which is part of the digestive system. According to Jorden’s symptoms such as mild pain in midepigastric region, radiating to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and right subscapular are, as his nurse, I could acknowledge the reasons cause all that symptoms are due to cholesterol problem. It’s a major constituent of gallstone which is one of the gallbladder disorders. Patient who experience it will be in a high risk of inflamed gallbladder due to a big heavy consumption of high-fat meal. And also because the gallbladder is located under

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile. If the gallbladder was damaged or dysfunctional there would be softer and more frequent stools. (Audesirk, T., & Audesirk, G. (1999). Retrieved November 21, 2015 from Chapter 29: Nutrition and Digestion. In Biology: Life on Earth (5th ed., p. 585, 586). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.) (General Surgery- Gallstones (Cholelithiasis). (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from

Normally it is a thin-walled, contractile, pear-shaped organ measuring 10 × 5 cm and consists of the fundus, body, and neck, which narrows joining the cystic duct. The gallbladder contains approximately 50 mL of bile when distended and is mostly covered by peritoneum while the remainder is attached to the liver. In some patients, the gallbladder is completely covered by peritoneum and in others embedded in the

The bile moves into the gallbladder via tiny tubes. The bile is stored in the gallbladder and waits, becoming concentrated, for the signal to be released into the duodenum aiding in digestion. Without bile, the body could not digest fats, as fats do not absorb into water. The bile acts as a detergent and allows the two to mix.