Optical Fiber Essay

The whole thing is usually wrapped in another layer of insulation and, finally, in an outer protective layer. (/coaxial_cable.html)

Data security: Magnetic fields and current induction work in two ways, they just don’t generate noise in signal carrying conductors; they also let the information on the conductor to be leaked out. Since there are no radiated magnetic fields around optical fibers; electromagnetic fields are confined within the fiber. This makes it impossible to tap the signal being transmitted over fiber cable. Thus the fiber cable is the most secure medium available for carrying sensitive data.

When first thinking of fixed line networks they think of the coaxial cable (coax) which connects to their television and twisted pair terminated with a RG-11 plug for their phones and faxes. There two variation of coax that are used in networking, thicknet (RG8) and thinnet

Coaxial cable uses a single conductor in the middle of a cable and the central conductor is surrounded by an insulator which is called the dielectric. Coax cables have become obsolete. Unshielded twisted pair cabling, also known as UTP cabling, has become the most common used network cabling. UTP cabling consists of four twisted pairs of wire, which have a different number of twists per foot, all encased on one sheath. This cabling is graded by different categories. Category 5 is recommended for Ethernet speeds of 100 Mbps. Category 5e, for running gigabit Ethernet or 1000BaseT networks. Category 6 and Category 6a are used to give better performance at higher speeds. Fiber optic cable is wave guided or light guided because it guides the light waves along the length of the cable. Single mode fiber optic cable can operate over long distances. Because fiber allows one mode of light to propagate, light pulses put on the fiber keep their shape much longer. This allows the light pulses to travel much further without interfering with other

14. Hybrid/Composite Cable : composite cable A communications cable having both optical and metallic signal-carrying components. Note 1: A cable having optical fiber(s) and a metallic component, e.g., a metallic

Coaxial cable consists of a core of copper wire surrounded by insulation, a braided metal shielding, and an outer cover.

Fiber: A fiber cable is either multiple strands of fiber optic surrounded by insulation, or a single fiber strand surrounded by insulation.

It never fails to amaze me what end users will admit to when you ask the right questions. If you ask a user in a nonthreatening manner about any physical stress that the cable might have endured, they’ll usually tell you. Remember that most users have no idea that a fiber cable can be destroyed if stepped on or bent too sharply, or if they roll a chair over it.

Assuming perfection (no busy-signals, no customer-abandons), a Customer-Svc Rep can handle (8 hrs) ÷ (130.65 sec) = 220.4 calls/day, or 206.6 calls/day with a 30-min break. A Data-Entry Operator can handle (8 hrs) ÷ (37.5 sec) = 768 calls/day, or 720 calls/day with a 30-min break.

During this time frame I was involved with the splice work on feeder 38M04. Feeder 38M04 is one of six feeders under the 59th St bridge whose joints are being proactively replaced. In order to work on the feeder joints under the bridge, a suspended scaffold was built on both the Queens and Manhattan side of the bridge to allow employees to safely work. I had the opportunity to work midnight shifts and climb the scaffold on both sides of the bridge and work alongside the splicers to splice together the new joints. The cables used under the bridge are XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) or solid dielectric cable. This project gave me the opportunity to see how solid dielectric cables are spliced together and learn the different components of a solid dielectric cable. From a

Fiber-reinforced composite consisting of multiple layers of material is called laminate. Each layer is thin and may have a different fiber orientation. Two laminates may have the same number of layers and the same fiber angles but the two laminates may be different because of the arrangement of the layers. Figure 18 shows a global Cartesian coordinate system and a general laminate consisting of N layers. The laminate thickness is denoted by h and the thickness of a kth layer is hk thickness coordinate, designated z, is located at the laminate geometric mid-plane. The geometric mid- plane may be within a particular layer or at an interface between layers.

The OTDR is a device that measures distances to a reflection surface by measuring the time it takes for a lightwave pulse to reflect from the surface. Reflection surfaces include the ends of fiber cables, breaks in the fiber, splice locations, and connector locations. The ability to provide these measurements simplifies the fault location procedure for fiber systems.

reviewed and illustrated by comparison of the solutions adopted for two major European cable stayed

Coaxial cable are classified according to it impedance. The one used in this exercise will use the impedance of 70 ohms with RG-58. This can be used for the discussed high speed internet requirements discussed above.

Optical fiber consists of three parts named the core, he cladding and the coating or buffer. The basic structure is shown in figure-1. The center is a round and hollow pole of dielectric material and is made of glass. Light will proliferate through center of the fiber. The cladding is made of dielectric material with a file of refraction and is made of glass or plastic. The file of refraction of the cladding material is short of what that of the center material. The covering or cushion is a layer of material used to secure an optical fiber from physical harm and is made of plastic. The covering is versatile and averts scraped spots.