Osmoregulation: The Hypothalamus In The Brain

Homeostasis is what allows our internal system to maintain at a constant condition. In order to maintain equilibrium the body must communicate using the control system. It is essential that the body monitors its conditions whether that be blood pressure, thirst sensation or body temperature (this is either gained or lost). Negative feedback is most important and comes first, this allows for the body to correct itself and get back to a set point when it is off track. There are three components that link with this feedback. A sensor (receptor) sends signals to the control center that something is unusual, the control center compares the many values of our normal body range and decides

The patient in “The Red Hat Hikers” scenario is suffering from hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium level of less than 136mEq/L. Sodium is an electrolyte that is found predominately in the extracellular fluid, and it is the chief regulator of water in the body. Sodium is also important for muscle contraction, nerve impulses, acid-base balance and chemical reactions that occur inside the cell (McCance & Huether, 2014). Normal sodium levels in the body are maintained by the kidneys and the hormone aldosterone. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex at the completion of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and it helps stimulate the proximal tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water. The anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) also indirectly affects sodium levels because it regulates water balance in the body (McCance & Huether, 2014).

In a hypotonic () or hypertonic () environment, a cell may be liable to gain or lose water. Osmotic pressure is known as the amount of force needed to prevent the flow of water through a membrane. Osmotic pressure allows a cell to prevent itself from shrinking or swelling and possibly

As the lab introduction explains, osmosis is relatively permeable to water and will follow solutes. By instinct, the water will move from a more diluted solution to more of a concentrated solution. The products of the experiments concluded the physiological significance of osmosis by how cell membranes in the body are semipermeable meaning that only certain molecules can pass through it. When intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid are at equilibrium by non-penetrating and concentrated solutes, no net movement of water goes in and out of the cell. Furthermore, if the ECF changes in osmolality, then depending on the difference between the ECF and ICF will determine whether water moves in or out of the cell. This is important in the cell membrane as small differences in osmolarity correspond to large, rapid change in osmotic pressure, causing cells to gain or lose water. In sum, our body makes critical decisions in what molecules are allowed to penetrate the cell membrane and make sure that our red blood cells don’t cause any problems within the

After drinking water, the control and test subjects had gradual increase of urine flow, reaching a peak then decreasing again, whereas the desmopressin subject had decreased urine flow after taking the hormone, thereafter plateauing. According to the Dunnett’s t test between the urine flow of the subjects, the urine flow of the treatment subjects was significantly different to that of the control.

D2: Analyse the impact on the human body of dysfunctions in relation to water balance

Conditions in the body have to be controlled with narrow limits. This is called homeostasis. These conditions include water content, ion content, body temperature and blood glucose concentration.

Serotonine is a neurotransmitter known for its ability to cause powerful contractions of smooth muscles, therefore a key element in the regulation of blood pressure. Ecstasy causes the release of the neurotransmitters which leads to a fifty- eighty percent reduction in the serotonine. The reduction in serotonine stems into the brain and heart. In the brain the depletion of serotonine is noticed in the striatal area. The straital area is the area responsible for coordination, learning, and memorization (“After the Rave: the Ecstasy Hangover”). The heart is damaged by the loss of serotonine because there is nothing to regulate the pressure of the blood flow. Blood pressure rises to dangerous levels before causing the body to go into distress before dying.

D2- Analyse the impact on the human body of the dysfunction in relation to water balance.

Water is the most abundant compound in the human body. Water is ESSENTIAL for the process of homeostasis. Water increases the volume of blood which in result affects blood pressure and the heart rate. Also, if there is a drop in blood volume there is also a drop in the blood pressure. This then triggers us to become thirsty, and drinking water increases the volume again stabalizing the body.

In this assignment I will be explain the concept of homeostasis and how it is used in the body. Homeostasis is when the body attempts to maintain an internal balance. Homeostasis is the maintain of constant internal conditions. All living organisms regulate their internal environment and show homeostasis to some extent. It maintains the levels of a wide range of features such as temperature, PH, water potential and blood glucose concentration. Many of these mechanisms rely on negative feedback. This is the process in which departure from the set level is detected by receptors. Homeostasis is the conditions inside the body must be controlled within narrow limits. These conditions include water content, ion content, and body temperature and blood glucose concentration. They are controlled by the stimulation from the nervous by chemical receptors in the blood and the hormones. Regulating the function of organs in the body, these help the glands to maintain the body homeostasis. Influences the cells, organ and the function of our bodies. The system looks after our growth, development, tissue function, metabolism and the sexual, reproductive process. Homeostasis controls the body temperature control, pH balance, water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and respiration. It is mostly affected in heat, cold, moisture, dryness, nourishment or deprivation, what you eat, when you eat and proper digestion and elimination all affect what

Living with Damage to the Hypothalamus Living with some-one who has a tumor or lesion; caused by an accidental trauma to the head, a stroke or a penetrating projectile, ect. , can affect many aspects of normal life. Damage to the hypothalamus can produce many different problems in the body. According to James Kalat; the hypothalamus is a small area near the base of the brain just ventral to the thalamus. It has wide spread connections with the rest of the forebrain and the midbrain.

Imagine a glass of water; it's filled half way. Instead of worrying whether it is half full or half empty, worry more on how much it weighs, yet the actual weight doesn’t matter. What really matters is how long one holds it. If one were to hold it for just a minute it would feel very light. If one was to hold it for an hour, they’ll have an ache in their arm. Now, if one were to hold it for a day, their arm would feel numb and paralyzed. In each case, the weight of the glass didn’t change, but the longer one held it, the heavier it became. The stresses and worries in life are like that glass of water. Carry them for a short while and they're manageable. Worry about them a bit longer and they will begin to hurt. And if we to think about them

There are numerous neurological changes occurring in our body as a response to fear. Specifically, two pathways are activated: the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal pathway. In a similar way, both pathways commence by receiving messages from the hypothalamus, an area of the brain responsible for many functions in the body, such as activating the autonomic nervous system, controlling different organs, and managing physiological functions. If the hypothalamus emits messages that we are facing a threatening situation, it will release different chemicals to either the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal pathway. This sympathetic nervous system are “nerve fibers of the autonomic

The most outer layer of cortex independently secreted mineralocorticoids to regulate salt and water balance, leading to increase in blood volume and pressure. Aldosterone is the most important of the mineralocorticoids. The aldosterone primarily targets the kidneys