Pain Is Unpleasant But Necessary Which Show Us The Sign

Pain can be categorized as acute or chronic pain. Chronic pain is described as pain that is both long-term and continuous, or is pain that persists after the expected healing time following an injury (British Pain Society, n.d.) Acute pain can provide a warning signal that an illness or injury has occurred. It is defined as pain that lasts less than three months and lessens with healing (Briggs, 2010). Acute pain can then be described in more detail by the following categories; somatic, visceral and neuropathic pain. Somatic pain is a localized pain described as sharp, burning, dull, aching or cramping. It is seen with incisional pain and orthopedic injuries or procedures. Visceral pain refers to an injury to the organs and linings of the body cavities. It produces diffuse pain and can be described as splitting, sharp or stabbing. This is pain that be described from patients with appendicitis, pancreatitis or intestinal injuries and illnesses. Injuries to the nerve fibers, spinal cord and central nervous system cause neuropathic pain. This pain can be described as shooting, burning, fiery, sharp, and as a painful numbness. This can be seen after an

In order to establish a treatment, plan it is important to set goals for this patient. In general goals for RA include early recognition and diagnosis, referral to a rheumatologist, and tight control and low disease activity (Cohen & Cannella, 2017). There are also scales that need to be completed by the NP and patient to determine how the treatment is working for a patient. When setting goals, it is important to determine a successful way to evaluate this patients' pain. In the older population it is common for pain to be under treated and part of the cause of this is because the assessment for pain is not matching the patients' needs. Once a successful evaluation has been chosen for this pain it would be important to use this same

Pain is one of the most influential symptoms that leads individuals to reach out to health care professionals to seek relief. Pain is subjective and unique to each person. Some individuals may have a higher pain tolerance than others. According to Frandsen (2014), “Pain is an unpleasant, sensory, emotional sensation associated with actual or potential tissue injury” (p. 889). Pain may be caused by a variety of elements, such as tissue or nerve damage and surgery. There are three main categories that pain is classified by, which are origin, duration, and cause. The main focus of this paper is on acute pain, chronic pain, and phantom pain. It is crucial to know how to assess each type of pain, as well as how to enhance it, or decrease the pain.

The strength of this recommendation is inconclusive. As practitioners, we should have minimum restraint in following this recommendation and should be on the lookout for new evidence in addition to strongly listening to patient preference. This recommendation is based upon three RCT’s. Two of these studies were of high strength and one was of moderate strength with regard to quality. All three of these studies had moderate applicability. In these studies, pain improvement was not consistently statistical significant (MD = .81, 95% CI -1.76, .14; MD = 2.26, p<.001; MD = -.82, 95% CI -1.247, -.39), and neither was function (MD = 3, 95% CI -1.05, 7.05; MD = 6.54, p=.001). In addition, the authors concluded the clinical significance of these findings were

Validity: Overall the study is valid but limited as the study examined individual patients as a single case making the ability to generalize limited. The foremost dilemma with the study is the challenge in determining the difference in scores that correspond directly to a clinically important modification. The ability of the VAS to detect significant changes relies heavily on an established baseline as a standard to compare future data. Throughout the duration of the study, patients were asked frequently to complete the VAS and RMQ, this may possibly lead to learning effects which may impact the results of the pain and functional status

Rationale: The first step to assessing pain is to determine if the patient can report their pain. The patient was asked to rate their pain intensity or select descriptors of pain intensity using a valid and reliable self-report pain tool (McCaffery, Herr, & Pasero, 2011).

A comprehensive assessment of breakthrough cancer pain which also examines whether the pain is caused by uncontrolled background pain should be completed for every patient at every incident of pain (European Oncology Nursing Society, 2013). It is important to distinguish breakthrough cancer pain from uncontrolled background pain, as the two types of pain are different and require individual assessment and therapy (Davies et al. 2009; Mercadante et al, 2002; Mercadante, 2011). Davies et al. (2009) have adapted a previous diagnostic algorithm created by Portenoy et al (1999), which aids practitioners to distinguish between breakthrough cancer pain and uncontrolled background pain- see figure 3.

What is pain? Generally, it is an unpleasant sensory feeling that is triggered by the body's nervous system in response to an adverse affect and is often categorized as acute or chronic. Because of the many different aspects of pain, it varies from each individual. Experiences that may cause pain in one individual may or may not cause pain at the same level which makes this a highly subjective symptom. Previously, medical professionals relied solely on their patients report of pain. However, as time and medicine have evolved, pain has been incorporated into general patient assessments and has further been referred to as the fifth vital sign,

Continuously ask the patient to rate her pain. Providing the rating, location and type of pain. This is useful in determining if pain reduction measures are effective Unbound Medicine, 2014).

As there is no gold standard for assessing pain in existence, there is a growing need for trustworthy ways to assess pain, that can potentially be utilized by

There are two types of pain; Acute or Fast pain, this is a protective event that enables the organism to localise pain rapidly and accurately and withdraw from a stimulus to reduce further damage . The second type of pain is Chronic, this is commonly triggered by an injury or disease, but may be perpetuated by factors other than the cause of pain. The injury may exceed the body’s capability for healing. One will be diagnosed with chronic pain if the ‘pain’ continues 3 months after normal healing time for the injury at hand. Pain occurs due to four processes, Transduction, Transmission, Modulation and finally Perception. For pain to be felt all four processes must occur in synchronisation. Pain can affect people differently, this could be due to their; Gender, Sex or age. Studies have found that rates of most

List et al., in a case-control study (35) (level of evidence 3) found that 83% of a sample of 46 patients had pain onset

First and foremost, pain is subjective, or whatever the patient says it is. It is their perception, and not what any healthcare professional states it is for the patient. Two patients who have had the same procedure can experience different levels

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (1979). Pain is actually the culprit behind warranting a visit to a physician office for many people (Besson, 1999). Notoriously unpleasant, pain could also pose a threat as both a psychological and economic burden (Phillips, 2006). Sometimes pain does happen without any damage of tissue or any likely diseased state. The reasons for such pain are poorly understood and the term used to describe such type of pain is “psychogenic pain”. Also, the loss of productivity and daily activity due to pain is also significant. Pain engulfs a trillion dollars of GDP for lost work time and disability payments (Melnikova, 2010). Untreated pain not only impacts a person suffering from pain but also impacts their whole family. A person’s quality of life is negatively impacted by pain and it diminishes their ability to concentrate, work, exercise, socialize, perform daily routines, and sleep. All of these negative impacts ultimately lead to much more severe behavioral effects such as depression, aggression, mood alterations, isolation, and loss of self-esteem, which pose a great threat to human society.

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and affective experience associated with tissue damage. Pain is a major symptom in many medical conditions and is one of the most sited reasons why people seek medical assistance (Peterson & Bredow 2009). When pain is poorly managed, it can delay healing and recovery. Using the proper nursing assessment skill is very important to assess a patient’s pain level, and determine the best intervention to reduce or eliminate it. Middle range theory such as Pain: a balance between analgesia and side effects and the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) helps interpret and serves as a tool used in assessing patients in nursing practice.