1. Describe the structure of Royal Dutch/Shell Group. Does it differ from the equity listings of other companies that you know?
These equity listings are different from companies such as BP and Exxon. All subsidiary companies’ shares were held by the Group Holding Companies in the ratio of 60/40 (Royal Dutch/Shell). The corporate structure is outlined in the figure below.
Individuals and Institutions
Individuals and Institutions
Royal Dutch Petroleum Company Netherlands 60%
The “Shell” Transport and Co, PLC UK 40%
The Shell Petroleum Company LTD. UK
Shell Petroleum Inc.
USA
Shell Petroleum NV
Netherlands
Service Companies
Operating Companies
Shell Oil Company
USA
Individuals and Institutions
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Approximately 13.8% of the price differential in Europe for the Royal Dutch can be explained by market inefficiencies, and 11.71% for Shell in New York can be explained by the same reason.
4. Is there an arbitrage opportunity in the price differentials you identified? What kind of arbitrage transactions would you propose to exploit these opportunities?
Arbitrage opportunities exist in both Royal Dutch and Shell. To exploit the price differentials for Royal Dutch, one would buy shares in the European market (for $141.368) and sell them in the market in New York (for $141.375). To exploit the price differentials for Shell, one would buy shares in the European market (for $124.222) and sell them in the market in New York for ($126.554).
5. Calculate the net payoffs of the arbitrage transactions you suggested. Can such transactions enforce the market discipline?
The net payoff per share of the arbitrage transaction is $0.07 for Royal Dutch and $2.332 for Shell. Arbitrage can enforce market discipline because once the discrepancy in market prices is discovered the price discrepancy is quickly eliminated. This enables buyers avoid prices that will send them into bankruptcy. It also enables sellers to generate revenue (as opposed to losing money in a situation where arbitrage occurred.)
6. On the basis of your analysis and the findings presented in the case, what other suggestions would you propose to explain the observed phenomena? To what extent can
4. Based on your analysis in (1) – (3) above, what is your overall conclusion regarding the
According to our calculations Cooper Copper has an optimum bargaining position because they can offer up to $60.13 (at a 4% growth estimated rate) for it’s the stock in order to acquire the majority its shares. Porter 's offer of $42.00 per share failed to get the majority of shares need to acquire control. VLN 's offered to honor the price of $53.10 for preferred shares. This is the share value that speculators and stockholders would hope to obtain although the actual offer could end up to be much less. According to our calculations and analysis the best possible offer Copper can offer up to $60.13 (at a 4% growth estimated rate) per share for Nicholson stock.
The goal of this Statement is to enhance the significance, similarity, and sincerity of the financial information that is provided by the reporting entity in a consolidated financial statement and by reporting standards as well as establishing accounting that are require. In cases of the ownership interest when subsidiaries are held by other parties other than the parent they must be clearly identified, meaning properly labeled. Also Changes in a parent's ownership interest while the parent holds its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary must be represented reliably. A parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary changes if the parent buys extra ownership interests in its subsidiary or if the parent offers some of its ownership interests in its subsidiary. It likewise changes if the subsidiary reacquires some of its ownership interests or the subsidiary issues extra ownership interests. Those exchanges are financially comparable, and this Statement requires that they be represented comparatively, as equity
From the table 1-1 and figure 1-1 above, it can be seen that the Heystead Nominees Proprietary Ltd (Robinson Family) holds 54.2% of the shares of Beacon Lighting Grouping Limited as the substantial shareholder of this company. The institutional shareholders including Hyperion Asset Management Ltd, Colonial First State Asset Management Ltd, Wlison Asset Management Pty
BP, originally known as British Petroleum which was founded in 1889, is part of the world’s seven largest publicly traded oil and gas companies. According to BP’s recent annual report BP states that they provide their customers with “fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants for engines, and petrochemical items used to make items for everyday use such as paints, clothes, and packaging.” The current CEO of BP, Bob Dudley, has a focus of turning the company around into a safer, stronger, and more simple business. Its headquarters are in London, England but the company is present worldwide and operates in three segments: Upstream, Downstream, and Rosneft.
BP is active in the fields of exploration, production, refining, distribution, marketing, petrochemical, power generation and trading. BP also owns a 19.7% stake in the
Exxon Mobil Corporation is a big oil company. It is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is the largest direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company and was formed on November 30, 1999, by the merger of Exxon, which was formerly Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, and Mobil which was formerly the Standard Oil Company of New York. (Our History, N.D). ExxonMobil had a total of $218.6 Billion in total revenue in 2016. The company’s mission statement states that “Exxon Mobil Corporation is committed to being the world's premier petroleum and petrochemical company. To that end, we must continuously achieve superior financial and operating results while simultaneously adhering to high ethical standards” (Our Guiding Principles, N.D). This organization is a very known organization all over the world. In 2011, ExxonMobil announced 2 new oil discoveries and gas discovery in the Gulf of Mexico. This discovery has been that largest discovery found in the Gulf of Mexico.
The group consists of more than 160 companies of subsidiaries and other societies, investments and strategic unions or joint ventures . In Annex 1 we can find an example of the holding previous to the situation described in this report .
Shell with a market capitalization of $216.6 billion has a lot of catching up to do if it wants to surpass Exxon’s market capitalization of $379.5 billion.
1. What is your interpretation of the consumer and market data presented in the case? What key conclusions do you draw from these data? Explain.
Net Payoffs: The case stated that the one way commission is 5cents per share. New York has a two way commission of 10 cents giving us a 25 cent commission. Shell (London) has 30 basis points for commission for small trades since we are going for a round trip the total basis points would be 60 plus the 50 basis points for the Stamp Tax. Shell was quoted a spread of .03 divided by 8.63 x 10,000equals 35 plus 03 plus 03 (going both ways gives us a total of 151 bps Royal Dutch (Amsterdam has a spread of 227.8 which is divided into .3 x 10000 giving us a 13 bps plus commission of 30 cents per share going both ways for a total of 60 cents per share and a FX spread of 06 (03 +03 ((down and back)) giving us a total of 79 per share.
On the other hand rest of the three options is purely as a part of corporate structure.