Parkinson's Disease Research Paper

The physical symptoms of Parkinson’s can be debilitating for the patient and may include pain, falls/dizziness, dietary problems, bladder and bowels problems, swallowing and saliva control, speech/ communication problems, eye problems, freezing, skin, scalp and sweating problems.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Two other names for PD are shaking palsy and Paralysis agitans. Parkinson’s disease is initiated when the cells in the brain that produce dopamine die over time. Dopamine is a brain chemical used by nerve cells that helps to control the body 's muscle movement. Without those brain cells and the dopamine they produce, it becomes increasingly more difficult for the cells that control movement to send messages to the muscles; affecting the body’s movement. As time goes on the damage worsens. There is not a known cause as to why these brain cells die, although there are a few theories ("MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia:

As a neurodegenerative brain disorder, Parkinson’s disease affects the neurons in the human brain. This disease affects everyone differently. However, there are common symptoms that all patients with Parkinson’s experience. At this time, there is no cure for the disease, but there are several ways to improve the quality of life. Although research is never complete, there is a lot of information on Parkinson’s disease that individuals should know.

Muhamad Ali, Michael J. Fox, and Linda Ronstadt are just a few celebrities that have been diagnosed with a disease called Parkinson’s. Most people have heard the name of this disease but do not exactly know what it is. Although it is not well known, it is a very common neurodegenerative disease. Much of the information about Parkinson’s is not prominent, although the disease is the second most common of its kind, next to Alzheimer’s (Surguchov, 2013, p.116). The disease can be debilitating if not treated properly. Because PD is such a real issue, efforts to research its cause and treatment have been extensive and continue to be. Only one medication known to ease the suffering of its victims has been found effective thus far (Surguchov,

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Since an increasing number of people are reaching a high age, it is predicted that also the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease will be higher in the future. The symptoms of the disease are both motor symptoms like tremor and impairment of the gait, but along with that, psychological symptoms and memory loss are evident in many cases.

The secondary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, also known as Non-motor functions can vary in severity of individuals. They include anxiety, insecurity, stress, confusion, memory loss, dementia, constipation, depression, difficulty swallowing, excessive salivation, diminished sense of smell, increased sweating, male erectile dysfunction, skin problems, slowed, quieter speech, monotone voice, and urinary frequency/ urgency. This also includes REM sleep behavior disorder, restless leg syndrome, leg swelling, excessive sweating, double vision, delusions and impulse control disorders.

This journal article discusses the history of Parkinson’s disease. An overview of the how Parkinson’s disease was discovered is provided. The overview of the history includes reference to James Parkinson’s essay which was the first to document the symptoms of Parkinson’s as well as how Parkinson’s was differentiated from other neurological disorders. Symptoms, the evolution of treatment options, including pharmacopeia, surgery, as well as placebo therapy. Multiple historical documents are referenced to provide the history of Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral, appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides; rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson’s disease,

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic brain disorder that limits mobility in patients that are diagnosed with it. Information about the disease was first published in Western medicine in 175 AD, although evidence of it it has been seen since earlier ancient times. Since then, much has been learned about the disease. In the 1960s, the differences in chemicals in the brains of Parkinson’s disease patients were first identified. Researchers now believe that Parkinson’s is caused by the gradual breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. The degeneration of these cells leads to a lack of dopamine in the brain, which makes nerve functioning more difficult as it is harder for the brain to coordinate muscle movement. The gradual breakdown of neurons causes the symptoms of Parkinson’s to worsen as the patient gets older. Since the 1960s, research on Parkinson’s has been ongoing but not yet conclusive.

"I have become a lizard, a great lizard frozen in a dark, cold, strange world.” So says Roberto Garcia d 'orto in his description for Parkinson’s disease. This disease is a very common neurological disorder. Two centuries ago, James Parkinson was the first to describe the disease in detail. He published a monograph, “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy,” describing a neurological illness consisting of resting tremors and an odd form of progressive motor disability, now known as Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is associated with many challenges and complexities. The diagnosis, causes and risk factors, and treatments of Parkinson’s disease are the best categories to gain knowledge from about the disease and how it affects the patients’ behaviors.

(Hoehn). Interestingly, when the symptoms first appear there has already been of loss of 60% to 80% of the neurotransmitter dopamine. (Heyn). Further, Parkinson’s disease presents uniquely in each patient in the severity and frequency of symptoms, the rate of progression, and the stages experienced. (WEBMD). In the first stage of the disease, the symptoms although mild still inconvenience the patient during routine daily activities. At this stage, most symptoms are unilateral and include tremor, pill rolling (when the thumb and index finger are bought together there is an uncontrolled circular movement), ataxia (condition of being without coordination), hypomimia (condition of deficient facial expression), dyskinesia (condition of difficulty in performing voluntary movements), and stooped posture. (WEBMD). Next, the disease progresses to Stage 2 the symptoms become bilateral while the initial symptoms increase in severity and include bradyarthria (condition of slowed speech), hypophonia (condition of deficient sound), monotone voice, dysphagia, diaphoresis, dermatitis, and polyuria. (WEBMD). During Stage 3 of the disease the list of symptoms continues to grow and the existing symptoms continue to worsen, the new symptoms include atasia

Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity or stiffness, and balance disorder. Parkinson’s Disease doesn’t have a cure and the cause is unknown it could be a number of things genetics, environmental triggers, age, or gender. Parkinson’s Disease happens because the dopaminergic neuron dies and

Parkinson’s is a very interesting disease because just like there is no set cure or cause, there is no one way diagnosis for the disease as well. However, doctors take into consideration the many symptoms that are typically present in someone

This is a article about how neuroscientist may have discovered a way to slow down the progression of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease affects over 1 million people in the United States. Parkinson disease is a progressive disease that affects the nervous system. With this condition, you experienced tremors,muscular rigidity and slow and precise movements. The effects of disease is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and the deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. According to the neurosciences Gary W.Miller PhD. An unequaitable double amount of dopamine stored can be extremely harmful to the neurons in

Parkinson 's is a very complex subject since there is still no cure and heredity still can 't be proven. As a CNA you are expected to know that there are different diseases with different needs. Parkinson 's has many signs and symptoms. If tremors are noticeable it is best to get a check up, but just because you show signs it is no reason to self diagnose. Before Parkinson 's begins you can always try to prevent it. Who knew caffeine could prevent Parkinson 's. Although Parkinson 's can be prevented, there are still some things that make you more prone to getting Parkinson 's. Some things include age and heredity. Science is always changing and you never know what things can be invented to stop Parkinson 's or maybe even reverse