• Pattern Resources: The pattern resources give information about patterns. These resources are in various forms such as documents, research papers, books, web pages etc. Since the resources are at various locations and not in any standard or uniform format, it is very difficult for practitioners to locate and apply patterns.
• Semantic Relations: Patterns are related to other patterns. For example, some patterns may solve the same security goal or some patterns may be used at a specific lifecycle stage in software development. Classification methods have attempted to identify properties or attributes by which patterns can be tagged and classified. These classifiers form the semantic relations between patterns.
• Relationship annotation: The semantic content of patterns is modeled as a binary relation between a pattern and a set of attributes. The relationship annotation gives a matrix of pattern-attribute relations. It forms the formal context for FCA and the input data for hierarchical clustering.
• FCA Engine: The FCA engine extracts concepts from the formal context and builds the concept lattice. Incremental FCA will ensure that changes to the formal context will be incorporated.
• Clustering: Hierarchical clustering groups patterns into a set of clusters which are in the form of a hierarchy.
• Knowledge representation: The pattern, attribute, concept and cluster knowledge is represented in the XML format so that it can be easily stored and shared
The hierarchical typical structure has levels which shows one –to – many also relationship between a parent and children divisions. The main key this models which following by each parent can have many children as well each child has simply one parent.
Patterns support high-level and reuse concept. By using these patterns we can adapt the implementation to suit the system that we are developing. Patterns are a great idea but we need experience of software design to use this pattern in effective way. We need to recognize situations where a pattern can be applied. The one who don’t have any experience also read the pattern books, should always able to find it hard to decide whether they can reuse a pattern or need to develop a special purpose solution.
Each built profile is an instance of this reference ontology. A user profile may comprise of variety of concepts which is represented as nodes. Each node is represented as a pair (Cj, IS(Cj)),where Cj is a concept in the reference ontology and IS(Cj)is the interest score annotation for that concept. Every concept in the profile is provided with an interest score having initial value as one.
A few sorts of hierarchical structures are every characterized to address the issues of associations that work in an unexpected way. Sorts of hierarchical structure incorporate divisional, useful, land and lattice. A divisional structure is suitable for associations with particular specialties units, while a geological structure gives a pecking order to associations that work at a few areas broadly or globally. A useful hierarchical structure is taking into account each work's obligations. A grid structure, which has two or a few
Domain Analysis is the process of identifying and documenting the commonalities and variables to a particular domain, it is starting phase of software development life-cycle to generate ideas for software. Till now there is most of domain analysis techniques are
Hierarchical structure includes an association 's inside example of connections, power and correspondence. Structure is involved formal lines of power and correspondence and the data and additionally information that stream thus. In this way, authoritative structure characterizes the lines of power and correspondence, serves to apportion assignments and assets and gives a method for coordination.
Clustering is a fundamental approach in data mining and its aim is to organize data into distinct groups to identify intrinsic hidden patterns of data. In other words, clustering methods divide a set of instances into several groups without any prior knowledge using the similarity of objects in which patterns in the same group have more similarities to each other than patterns in different groups. It has been successfully applied in various fields such as image processing (Wu & Leahy, 1993) cybersecurity (Kozma, Rosa, & Piazentin, 2013), pattern recognition (Haghtalab, Xanthopoulos, & Madani, 2015), bioinformatics(C. Xu & Su, 2015), protein analysis (de Andrades, Dorn, Farenzena, & Lamb, 2013), microarray analysis (Castellanos-Garzón,
In this step, the proposed ontologies will be used to guide information extraction. The databases listed in Table 3 may be used as data sources to elicit the faults of
Once the proposed project is understood and it is agreed upon that the system requirements will be supported, a solid foundation must be built to support the development of the system. Models and other documentation are used to aid in the visualization and description of the proposed system. Process models are used to identify and document the portion of system requirements that relates to data. Processes are the logical rules that are applied to transform the data into meaningful information. The three main tools used in process modeling are data flow diagrams, which shows how data moves through an information system; a data dictionary, which is a central storehouse of information about the system’s data used by analysts to collect,
There are some languages and methods already available for encoding resources and activities in an ontology. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a standard
The relationships and summaries derived are referred to as models or patterns. Examples include linear equations, rules, clusters, graphs, tree structures and recurrent patterns in time series.
The final result is a tree like structure referred as Dendrogram, which shows the way the clusters are related. User can specify a distance or number of clusters to view the dataset in disjoint groups. In this way, the user can get rid of a cluster that does not serve any purpose as per his expertise. In this case, we used MVA (Multivariate data analysis) node in optimization package: modeFRONTIER (ESTECO, 2015) and other statistical software IBM SPSS (IBMSPSS, 2015) for HCA analysis.
A controlled collection of reuse artefacts constitutes a reuse library. Such libraries must contain not only reusable components but are also expected to provide certain types of services to their users (Wegner 1989), e.g. storage, searching, inspecting and retrieval of artefacts from different application domains, and of varying granularity and abstraction, loading, linking and invoking of stored artefacts, specifying artefact relationships, etc. The major problems in the utilisation of such reuse libraries are in determining appropriate artefact classification schemes and in the selection of methods to effectively and efficiently search the library. To bypass the problems with reuse libraries, the use of specialised domain-specific languages was proposed as an alternative. Such languages use strict syntax and semantics defined in terms of an application domain and its reusable artefacts. While
Clustering is an essential task in data mining and data analysis applications. Clustering is the grouping of a specific set of objects called clusters based on their features, aggregating them according to their similarities. Each data group with related objects are clusters (Revathy et al., 2017). In addition, it is a procedure of unsupervised learning. There are two varieties of Clustering, Partitioning Clustering and Hierarchical Clustering. The former is a set of nested clusters structured in the form of tree. On the other hand, the latter is a partition of data objects into subsets such that each object is in precisely one subset.
The ontology is an abstract model of real world that demonstrates the concepts and the relations among them in a specific domain. This conceptual knowledge base has vital applications in semantic web, search engines, natural language processing, information retrieval, etc. The ontologies can be produced manually or in a semi-automatic manner by the ontology engineering tools and knowledge acquisition methods (Darrudi et al., 2004).