Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a bacterium, Bordatella pertussis. In 2010 it affected 27, 5501 individuals and was responsible for 262 deaths in the United States. Bordatella pertussis colonizes in the cilia of the respiratory tract3 producing uncontrollable coughing with paroxysms (fits) followed with a high pitched intake of air creating a whoop sound, posttussive emesis (cough induced vomiting), and exhaustion.3 These symptoms can last up to 10 weeks.3 Adults can transfer Pertussis to infants who are not fully immunized, subsequently, they are at a greater risk and may have serious complications from Pertussis including pneumonia and death.4
As illustrated in the
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Also, the analysis depicts the geographic distributions of pertussis mortality across the United States. During 2000-2010, 184 deaths were directly attributed to pertussis, which occurred only in California, Pennsylvania and Texas.2 California had the highest morality rate, at 35 deaths in the ten-year period.2 Notably, the White population of reported pertussis morality was at the highest at 160 of 184 deaths.2 Also, there has been an increase in reported cases in the United Sates, in 2000 there were 12 reported deaths and in 2010 there were 26 deaths.2 94 percent of the pertussis related mortality occurred in infants (less than 1 years old) who are not fully immunized.
The increase in pertussis incidences and morality may include diminished immunity, as childhood pertussis vaccine does not provide lifelong immunity.4 Tdap booster shot at 11 or 12 years old and expected mothers in their third trimester should be given to continue their protective antibodies and those that would be passed to the infant.4 Also, the increased in pertussis may be a decreased usage of the pertussis vaccine, increased doctor awareness and public health reporting.
Limitations to this analysis are pertussis is underdiagnosed and misclassified as severe cold, influenza, or bronchitis.8 Also, mortality could be attributed to secondary infections such as pneumonia, seizure or encephalopathy,8 which
Cause: Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory system (nose, throat, lungs and airways) and is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The ‘whoop’ from the cough derives from the deep breaths at the end of each bout of coughing. Whooping cough is very infectious and affects individuals of all ages.
No. It is hard to diagnose Pertussis early because the symptoms are the same as the common cold and only until the later stages of the disease is it normally
There are several diseases around the world that have not gone away in the last few decades. For instance, HIV, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and more commonly, the Flu, and Measles are deadly diseases that still exist today. However, getting vaccinated will help fight off the disease as the vaccine releases antibodies into your bloodstream. Experts from MedlinePlus say that Pertussis, Diphtheria, and Tetanus are caused by bacteria. Diphtheria and pertussis can be spread to people from coughing and sneezing. Tetanus enters through cut and wounds. Also according to MedlinePlus, “Before vaccines, as many as 200,000 cases a year of diphtheria, 200,000 cases of pertussis, and hundreds of cases of tetanus, were reported in the United States each
Every year or season a slightly different flu strain awakens, infecting our human population. This fall it’s the whooping cough, also called pertussis. It is causing many deaths, especially in infants. Many health officials have grown concerned with this unexpected new threat, mainly because the babies are too young to be fully immunized by the illness. It’s essential to understand how this virus is effecting our population and what procedures must be taken in order to prevent it from continuing to spread.
The question left to understand is how to prevent the spread of pertussis to those under one year of age and to those unable to receive the vaccine. Prevention would require different methods to stop the spread of pertussis. Wagner and Clodfelter (2014) explained using simple techniques such as hand
pertussis was a universal disease of early childhood. The disease was on the rise in the early 1900’s but because of medical advancement with vaccinations the disease took a dramatic stop. This however was only relevant to the regions that had the resources for the vaccinations. In the UK before immunization was available there was an epidemic every 3-4 years. About 8 in 10 children had whooping cough by the time they were 5 years old (Kenney, 2015). After the immunization the numbers fell greatly. Worldwide, B pertussis is still a problem to all the areas that don’t have the means to obtain any form to fight off the disease. Though vaccines have been in use for 20 years, new data is emerging on their effectiveness and durability of protection and how it can have an impact on the resurgence of
Scenario Two involves investigating the risk and benefits of the pertussis immunization. Farah, a mother of her 2 week old son Rami, decided she needs to know more about the risk of the immunization before she makes her final decision and immunize her son. The question that was given was: In infants, how does being immunized against pertussis, compared with not being immunized, effect morbidity and mortality? A search process was documented in this essay to show how research can be performed in order to answer this particular scenario and question.
Pertussis is commonly spread during the catarrhal and early paroxysmal stages and unfortunately the population with the highest risk of infection is young children. Children less than one year are at highest risk of infection and death secondary to pertussis because at this age they have not received the recommended
Before a vaccine was available, whooping cough (also known as pertussis) killed about 9,000 people in the US each year. Now, the pertussis vaccine has reduced the annual number of deaths to less than 30. Although the disease is still around, and continues to be on the rise across the globe.
Signs and symptoms of pertussis usually starts with cold-like symptoms and maybe a mild cough or fever. In babies, the cough can be minimal or not even there. Babies may have a symptom known as "apnea." Apnea is a pause in the child's breathing pattern. Pertussis is most dangerous for babies. About half of babies younger than 1 year who get the disease need care in the hospital. Early symptoms during the first two weeks include occasional coughing, runny nose, low grade fever and apnea in babies. After that 1-2 weeks’ traditional symptoms such as Paroxysms (fits) of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched "whoop “vomiting (throwing up) during or after coughing fits and exhaustion after coughing fits
B. pertussis is a respiratory pathogen found only in humans2. It is a small, encapsulated gram negative coccobacillus that is easily spread through the inhalation of droplets or direct contact with secretions of the respiratory membranes1. It is extremely slow growing, taking between six to twenty days to culture, and is fastidious, requiring special media to grow on, including Bordet-Gengou agar and
Whooping cough is a respiratory disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The disease is contageous and spread very rapidly. Though there were vaccines but the bacterium might have resistant of the vaccine. Thus the diseased has spread abruptly. So the disease is considered as emerging infectious disease. Generally the first couple of weeks are infectious in Pertusis. The etiological agent of whooping cough or pertusis is a gram negative aerobic pathogen namely bordetella pertussis. The toxins released by this bacterium include pertussis toxin, haemagglutinin, fimbria and cytotoxin. This is a motile bacterium that can only live in humans, means humans are their only hosts. Whooping cough is an infectious disease that spread through
On older respiratory disease thought to be controlled for years with the vaccine, has resurfaced. This contagious bacterial, disease is called Pertussis which is caused “by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.” (CDC, 2015) Pertussis is a respiratory disease which is highly contagious that is contracted after being exposed to sneezing and coughing from an infected person. Symptoms resemble the common cold with accompanied by a persistent, heavy cough. Another name for Pertussis is whooping cough, because of the whooping sound a person makes.
Worldwide, it is estimated that there are 16 million pertussis (whooping cough) cases and about 195,000 pertussis deaths in children per year. Despite generally high coverage with childhood pertussis vaccines, pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. Most deaths occur in young babies who are either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. bordetella pertussis is the most common and most deadly to children.Bordetella pertussis circulates worldwide, but disease rates are highest among young children in countries where vaccination coverage is low, which is primarily in the developing world. In developed countries, the incidence of pertussis is highest among unvaccinated
Whooping cough knowingly as pertussis is a cough caused by bacterial infection that gets into your nose and throat. It spreads very easily, but vaccineslike DTaP and Tdap can help prevent it in children and adults.