Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Essay

Hyperandrogenism often presents itself in the physical form with acne, hirsutism (male-patterned hair growth), and alopecia. While insulin resistance is typically present in a patient with a higher BMI, 70% of women with PCOS have this condition, putting them at a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (Goodarzi et al., 2011). Other metabolic complications can occur with PCOS, including hypertension and dyslipidemia (Madnani, 2013). The hormonal secretions of the body’s endocrine glands are affected by the hormonal secretions of the ovaries and vice versa via feedback mechanisms. The disruption of normal hormone secretions, particularly hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), can reduce the chance of conception and increase the risk of miscarriage (Balen,

If the pituitary gland creates to much prolactin estrogen production goes down. When this happens it causes infertility.

Imagine a syndrome that can cause you, or a woman you know, to be infertile, depressed, anxious, obese, or hirsute, along with many others. Polycystic ovary syndrome can cause all of these issues in a woman who is affected by the condition. If it is not treated properly or on time, it could lead to other serious medical issues that could even be life threatening. Polycystic ovary syndrome, otherwise known as PCOS, is not a commonly known syndrome and many women affected by it are not diagnosed or treated for it. PCOS is a major medical problem that is affecting five to ten percent of the female population in the U.S. and many more across the globe (American Diabetes Association, 2014). This syndrome must become better known in the near future so that women with PCOS can take better control and care of their own body.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common conditions of hyperandrogenic disorders in reproductive-age of women. It comes with mentrual irregularity, ovary disfunction and hyperandrogenism such as amenorrhea, menorrhagia, anovulation, infertility, ovarian cysts, acne, hirsutism, etc.1,2 Additionally, patients with PCOS also experience with serious cardiovascular problems, and metabolic disorders such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).1 Especially, patients with PCOS have higher risks to develop T2DM more than general population, because of experiencing metabolic disorders.3 Therefore, metformin is used as the first line agent for insulin-resistance and weight loss in obese and T2DM

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common health problem in woman where ovaries get enlarged and develop tiny cysts that block the natural function of ovaries. PCOS is frequently seen in one out of five women. The symptoms generally start to show after the first menstruation period. Irregular periods, hirsutism, severe acne, and thinning of the hair. PCOS symptoms, however, are generally more severe if the patients are obese. Treatments for these patients deal with combinations of birth control pills, medication such as Clomiphene and Gonadotropins and lifestyle changes. Weight loss is the number one lifestyle change a woman can take. Due to the body’s ability to create excess insulin, increasing the androgen production. Androgen being the result of the hormone imbalance is what contributes most to the male –pattern symptoms. Complications that come with PCOS are infertility, type 2 diabetes, depression, eating disorders

Most people wonder, What is ovulation? Well, ovulation is when a mature egg is released from the ovary, push down the fallopian tube, and is available to be fertilized. Every month an egg from one of your ovaries will mature. As the egg reaches maturity, the egg is released by the ovary where it penetrate the fallopian tube to make its way towards waiting sperm and the uterus. The lining of a women uterus has thickened itself to prepare for the fertilized egg. If there is no conception, the uterine lining, as well as blood, will begin to shed. When shedding of an unfertilized egg and uterine wall its the time of menstruation. Only one egg is released each time of ovulation. An egg lives 12-24 hours, after withdrawing the ovary. During ovulation some women may

There are very many different types of cells that have been illustrated to express aromatase and some of the common ones include neurons, placental cells, smooth muscle cells and granulosa cells. Thus, this shows that oestrogen is produced in a wide range of cells and not only in the traditionally known cells like the gonads. The expression levels of aromatase are different depending on the various stages of life. For example, fetus liver expresses aromatase however this lack in adults (Ma, 2005). In females, the ovary expresses diverse aromatase levels delineated as the fundamental source of estrogen. The completion of the menopause period initiates a process that ensures that the tissues in the ovary become essential destinations of estrogen amalgamation. About 85% of the oestradiol and 95% of oestrone is delivered in the additional glandular tissues owing to the aromatization process of circulating androgens in males (Lu et al.,

Hormones are long-range chemical messengers of the body, manufactured and controlled by the endocrine system. The hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This signals the anterior pituitary gland to synthesize and release luteinizing hormone (LH). To a lesser degree, GnRH also triggers the synthesis and release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Subsequently, LH and FSH signal the gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males) to synthesize and release hormones that cause

Ovarian growth is a tumor that starts in the ovaries. Ovaries are regenerative organs construct up just in women. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for spread. During the egg task in the Fallopian tube into the uterus wherever the fertilized egg embeds and found into a fetus. The ovaries are similarly the real source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Both sides of the uterus on One ovary is given in the pelvis. The ovaries are female reproductive organs situated in the pelvis, approximately the size of an almond. These female reproductive organs are responsible for releasing eggs and producing female hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Various sorts of tumors can make ascending in the ovaries. The larger part of these are

Although normal and pathological ovarian functions are still elusive, as well are normal and premature ovarian aging, we acknowledge that a huge amount of information accumulated in the last decades. The evidence that the ovary ages following highly precise patterns (when compared to aging of other body organs and tissues) and that individual variability profoundly impacts folliculogenesis and onset of menopause (Te Velde and Pearson, 2002), have represented for longtime a nearly insurmountable endeavour when attempting to plan proper management strategies in individuals willing for children.

The three cycles are: follicular, ovulatory and luteal. Follicular means before the egg is released. Ovulatory means when the egg is released. Luteal means after the egg is released. Luteinizing hormones and follicle-stimulating hormones are produced by the pituitary gland aid in ovulation and tells the ovaries to produced estrogen and progesterone. These hormones tell the uterus and the breasts that there might be fertilization. The actual menstrual cycle beings when estrogen and progesterone levels decrease. This decrease causes the layers of the uterus to be expelled. Then follicle-stimulating hormones stimulate the ovaries to develop an egg. This follicle produces estrogen. This is the follicular stage. When there is an increase in the luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormones, ovulation occurs. Estrogen is at its highest and progesterone starts to increase. This is the ovulatory phase. Luteinizing hormones and follicle-stimulating hormones decrease and follicle has ruptured and released the egg. It then forms the corpus luteum and produces progesterone. This is the luteal phase. Estrogen is high. Progesterone and estrogen make the lining of the uterus thicken. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum breaks down. Progesterone and estrogen level decrease. The layers are shed and bleeding starts. This is the menstrual

Estrogen readies the body for ovulation. Not all estrogens are made equivalent, then again. A few estrogens are connected with an expanded danger of certain female growths, for example, breast malignancy.

The endocrine disorders among females are of various types but the most common one is the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which is basically an inherited disorder and can be received from either parent. The chances of occurrence of this disorder vary from 5-10% among the females of age group of 12-45 resulting in female sub-fertility. This endocrine disorder can be identified by anovulation which is diagnosed by irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, polycystic ovaries, ovulation-related infertility, excessive secretion of androgenic hormones that cause hirsutism and acne. High cholesterol level, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance are other known symptoms. All these symptoms vary among different individuals. The disorder is known by a number of other names like polycystic ovary disease, functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, ovarian hyperthecosis and Stein-Leventhal syndrome. A polycystic ovary has abnormal number of eggs that can be viewed near its surface resembling cysts.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. Hyperinsulinemia, in particular, facilitates excess weight gain and excess central abdominal adiposity in not all, but many women afflicted with this condition. In addition, PCOS increases the risk for cardiovascular complications, development of type 2 diabetes and significant insulin resistance, and increases the risk for metabolic syndrome (1,2). Infertility is an additional complication associated with this complex, multi-faceted endocrine disorder.

The female reproductive system consists of both external and internal genitals. Of all the parts that make up the reproductive system the main two parts are the uterus, which holds and develops the fetus and the ovaries, which are two cavities that hold the woman’s eggs. The ovaries can produce and hold anywhere from 40,000 eggs to 400,000 eggs each. The body then begins a process called ovulation at which the ovary releases an egg through what are called fallopian tubes or canals into the uterus. The egg then attaches to the uterus lining called the endometrium, which nourishes the egg during and through pregnancy. While the egg makes its journey through the fallopian tubes it can either be fertilized by the male sperm or not. If the egg does not get fertilized then it is expelled through the vagina in a process called menstruation. “The vagina is a hollow, tunnel-like structure of the female internal genitalia whose reproductive functions are to receive the penis and its ejaculate, serve as a route of exit for the newborn, and provide an exit for