Polyurethane: Predominant Material

Also known as additive manufacturing because 3D printing is the process of making an object by depositing material by layers at a time. This is useful and was created because many businesses use subtractive manufacturing, where they tend to have material and carve into it and make something out of it, thereby wasting a lot of material. While using the additive manufacturing they are able to use the material with 98% efficiency to create something, which is why 3D printing is burgeoning and more research is being conducted to increase the 3D printers

Now that you own an attractive, new timber floor, you probably wonder how to protect it the best for it to retain its ideal condition. You can select between an oil-based polyurethane and a water-based polyurethane for your timber floor coating. While both provide excellent protection for a wood floor, they differ in their characteristics and application methods.

The most common form of polyethylene is petroleum based or olefins based; as before mentioned polyethylene compounds have a wide commercial applicability and are made from non-renewable resources (Harding, Dennis, von Blottnitz, Harrison, & S.T.L., 2007). Its manufacturing processes are regarded as energy intensive and release significant amount of CO2 and heat into the atmosphere (Broderick, 2008). Next a little more detailed description of polyethylene’s production processes will be presented, with a focus on the way the material inputs are extracted and synthesized.

Dr. Gerald Thermos, researcher, scientist, and the inventor of the 100% Polyurea Elastomeric System, Process for Producing and Use Thereof, along with fellow scientist Anastasios Zahariadis. In more detail the Polyurea Elastomeric System takes Polyurea, which was relatively new but more advanced and capable then any other existing polymer systems and coatings. Polyurea is a high performance system, which uses a multiple Elastomeric component system, creating a extremely tough, durable monolithic membrane, but still giving it a good balance of water and chemical resistance. The Polyurea is highly resistant to abrasion, sketches and corrosion, making surfaces barely affected by damp or cold conditions. Polyurea can be sprayed directly onto water, ice or below freezing surfaces, saving time and making it the perfect ideal choice for lining concrete, steel tanks, man made ponds and most kinds of roofing.

Polyvinylchloride is the widely accepted trivial name for poly (1-chloroethene) and, in terms of worldwide production, is one of the three most important polymers in current use, the other two being polyethylene and polystyrene. PVC has numerous uses, including cable insulation, packaging, and toys.

Polyurea is an organic polymer that is the reaction of isocyanate with an amine terminated polyether resin, forming a plastic-like or rubber-like compound that may be used in many of the same ways as older technologies – polyurethane, epoxy, vinyl ester, neoprene; to name a few.

Growing market for materials- Suppliers in marketplace may impact buyers through lower quality, higher cost, or limited availability of products . Considering that a great segment of people today want to own and use 3D printers, one is likely to profit by selling 3D supplies like new manufacturing techniques equipment, specific software and specific material vendors.

3D printing uses a process known as "additive" manufacturing. That means that the solid, three-dimensional object constructed will be made by adding the desired material in layers. The first successful outcomes of additive printing occurred back in the 1970’s. One of the advantages of using additive printing is that it takes less time than having to get a big enough piece of material and then making a mold before starting the process.(Additive) Those both also add to cost which is saved using this process. Also, there is a

Polyesters, a form of esters, are used to create plastics. Plastics are useful in everyday life as they are used as containers to carry many things such as shopping items, drinks and food products. They are also recyclable so therefore are good for the environment.

although latex sounds like a synthetic product, it's in reality a type of rubber that is derived from the sap of the rubber tree and consequently is a fairly ordinary product.

The history of polymers stretch back millions of years. These “primitive” polymers were created by nature to fulfill the needs of information storage, energy storage and information reproduction. Human made polymers are a more recent invention, of the last two hundred years or so. These polymers are general made of highly flammable hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Fires caused by a combination of human careless and the physical properties of hydrocarbons have caused millions of dollars in property damage and claimed an untold number of human lives. It is this fact that has lead to scientists devoting time and resources to making polymers safer. In the following paragraphs the mechanism behind burning polymers will be

Polymers are large molecules with large molar masses and are composed of many repeating subunits. Also referred to as macromolecules, polymers both synthetic and natural have a broad range of properties which play a vital role in everyday life. Polymers range from naturally occurring biopolymers such as DNA, proteins, cellulose and starches to synthetic plastics including polystyrene and polyethylene (Shakhashiri). Polymers are synthesised using a chemical process known as polymerisation, where individual molecules called monomers are reacted to form chains or three dimensional networks.

A polymer is a long chain of molecules made up of many repeating identical units called monomers. A polymer made from two or more repeating units of monomers are called copolymers (Smith et al., 2006). Monomers are often made up of Hydrogen and Carbon with extra elements such as Oxygen, Nitrogen and Chlorine, creating the backbone of the polymer. These can be made synthetically, such as polyethylene or occur naturally like cellulose, as are the polymers being investigated are. Polylactic acid is made naturally and Polypropylene is made synthetically. Polymers can be three dimensional networks which don’t melt such as epoxy resin, and are called thermoset polymers, two dimensional or one dimensional networks or chains which can be melted such as polypropylene called thermoplastic polymers

It is replacing machining for smaller runs (1 unit, 10 units, maybe 1,000 units).” (Faludi, 2013). 3D printing has a niche market in creating more specialist products on scale, but it could not feasibly compete with injection moulding when trying to produce small plastic cars etc.

1: Thermoplastic- which is hot plastic, that means it can be poured into molds and then cooled