Pope John 23 Research Paper

in Italy during World War 2 represent these ways of which humanity copes with such tragedy in

The Pope is the head of the Church: he represents the ultimate religious authority. However, as a Bishop of Rome, the Pope is also in command of certain secular affairs, including some military aspects. Certainly, the Pope is a link between the earthly and the divine realms. Problems arise when the imperfect world the Pope physically lives in interferes with his heavenly objectives. Taking Pope Gregory I as an example, I am going to look at his letters to analyze how he reconciled his political and spiritual goals, whether he valued one category over the other, and how he justified it.

The contribution of Pope John XXIII has been profound, as many of his initiatives and actions are still resonating today. His acceptance of Jesus’ words “I came to save all nations.” Represented his motivation to do well and bring peace upon the world. He was an advocate of Christian unity, social justice, human rights and the promotion of world peace. It is through his development of the Second Vatican Council, his contribution to ecumenism and his empathy for humanity that Pope John XXIII made a significant impact upon the development and expression of Christianity.

During his Papacy, Pope John XXIII published several encyclicals promoting world peace(Pacem in Terris) and increasing the consciousness of one’s dignity and rights of workers, women and newly independent nations (Mater et Magisterum). Pacem in Terris was addressed to the whole world and received warmly by Christians and non-Christians alike. It altered thinking about the Cold War and initiated the resurgence of Catholic social teaching.

On May 18, 1920, in a small Polish town just outside of Wadowice, a child was born to Karol Wojtyla (1879-1941, and Emilia Kaczorosks (1884-1929). His name was Karol Jozef Wojtyla. Little did his parents know that one day their child was destined not only to become a priest and a bishop, but the 264th pope of the Roman Catholic Church, and only the second non-Italian pope.

Born circa 1020 in Sovana, Tuscany, Pope Gregory VII is one of the great reforming popes, and is best known for his part in the Investiture Controversy, which was his dispute with with Henry IV that reinforced the primacy of papal authority. He excommunicated Henry three times because Henry was getting out of hand and the political struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire. Although, Gregory was also despised during his reign by some for his expansive use of papal powers, this caused his memory to be remembered on numerous occasions in later generations, both good and bad, which was often reflected in writings of the Catholic Church. Gregory was accused of necromancy, torture, attempted assassinations, unjust excommunication,

As time constantly presses forward and the earth continues to revolve, the world will never stop progressing and adapting to better suit the needs of mankind. The evolution of religion has greatly enhanced the quality of life for humanity by providing individuals with a strong belief system that is now the foundation of many peoples’ core values. One universal religion that has undergone extensive amounts of reform is Christianity. In particular, the Catholic church is well-known for the development of their famous ecumenical council meetings that help determine the future of the church. Numerous Councils have been conducted throughout the course of history, but none more significant than the most recent, the Second Vatican Council or Vatican II. The Catholic church was operating as if it was still the medieval period and desperately needed to be modernized. As a result, every Roman Catholic Church official was gathered to meet and devise a plan for how to introduce the church to the modern world. Consequently, the following will reveal the Second Vatican Council and the ramifications of the agenda, history and theology evolution, significant texts, and new developments.

Not only was life at home difficult for Francis, he also grew up in an atmosphere of civil war. Italy decided to retaliate against the pressing German empire. After a period of fighting with the Germans and resistance to Innocent III, Assisians lived in a very brief time of peace. The peace did not sustain long. Perugia, Assisi’s rival, declared war. Battle between the two communities would last for nearly a decade. Francis was not just a bystander during this period. “Francis fought in it bravely, was taken prisoner, and carried away as a hostage to Perugia.” He would remain in prison for a year. After his release, he became depressed and fell ill.

Pope John Paul II like any other religious authority was an opponent of war and denounced it on any such chance he could. During the time period of his reign many wars and massacres took place, and Pope John Paul did everything he could to prevent or shorten these wars such as speaking to the political leaders involved, or saying words of courage and reform to the people. Pope John Paul also played an important role in the fall of communism in his native Poland. Through his words of prayer to the people, his pilgrimages of peace, and the establishment of solidarity John Paul was able to end communism in Poland for good. For this His Holiness also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. John Paul did the same countries such as: Paraguay, Haiti and Chile which were under dictators at the time. One of the most admirable qualities about Pope John Paul II was his love and respect for all other religions. It was often talked about his relations with leaders of all other religions and the religions itself. There were three things that most people say Pope John Paul II loved the most. The first thing was the Eucharist. Many say that once his holiness saw the Eucharist he would get derailed from whatever he was doing and go into deep prayer for several hours, and there was nothing anyone could

Pope Leo X was originally named Giovanni de’ Medici was born in Florence, Italy on December 11, 1475 and died on December 1,1521 in Rome. He was raised in the culturally sophisticated city of Florence, Italy and was born in a family of renowned people of the arts and politics. Pope Leo X was the son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was the ruler of the Florentine republic and was destined religious life, as he became a Cardinal Deacon at the age of 13. He received the best education in Europe and had several tutors because of his father. Pope Leo X studied Canon Law and theology at the University of Pisa. The death of his father eventually led him back to Florence, where he stayed until 1494, when the de’ Medici family was charged with the betraying

Pope Sixtus II, who took over after St. Stephen in 257, is best known for partaking in one of the most famous pieces of art in Western history, known as Sistine Madonna. Sixtus was having trouble with some African and Asian churches regarding Baptism. He received letters from St. Dionysus of Alexandria, which advised him to remain easygoing and try to disregard the other practices that were taking place. After adhering to his advice, he was referred to as a “good and peaceable priest.” In 257, afraid of many big empires such as the Persians, Valerian allotted his first decree to the Christians. He attempted to seize rich Christian lands and distribute them to balance out the empire. Many of the clergy members were dedicated, and as a result

Pope- A man who is a head of the Roman Catholic Church and The Bishop of Rome.

Even before being elected, Benedict XV had repeatedly promised to do whatever he could to bring an end to the this war, the most destructive war the world had ever seen. As such, the Pope maintained that Vatican City would remain completely impartial, and would not condone or condemn the actions of either belligerent party. He stood by this decision despite the fact that the Vatican was within the borders of Italy, one of the Allied Powers. His decision of impartiality was greatly criticized, and it was said that by the Magisterium not taking an action on the conflict, it was neglecting its sacred moral duty. One major source of criticism was from a 1916 pamphlet, entitled The Silence of Benedict XV. Contrastingly, at one pint both sides of the war accused Pope Benedict of condemning their action and supporting their opponents’’. However, nothing could cause Benedict XV to falter from his conviction. Both the Allied and the Central Counties had large percentages of Catholic citizens, and the Pope refused to divide the Church. (Fastiggi, Robert, Page

Pope John Paul the Second It was recently this year that the Catholic world had lost its leader,

Pope John the twenty-third led a very average life until he got a scholarship, making it possible for him to attend the Apollinaris in Rome. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was born the third of thirteen children on November 25, 1881, at Sotto iI Monte. While attending the Apollinaris in Rome, he studied under the Church historian, Umberto Benigni. Being that 1915 was when Italy entered World War I they drafted