Post Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of injury that is a critical public health and socio-economic problem. TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in both children and adults [5]. The Centers for Disease Control and

Medical and technological advances have led to greater survival rates in individuals suffering from various illness and injury throughout history. This includes individuals who suffer traumatic and nontraumatic brain injuries. Approximately 1.5 million people in the United States sustain a brain injury each year with the survival rate of over 90 percent making brain injury the leading cause for disability in the United States. (Mysiw, Bogner, Corrigan, Fugate, Clinchot, & Kadyan 2006). Cognitive, physical, sensory and behavioral changes are widely noted in individuals in the months and years following a brain injury. However, the psychosocial, psychological and emotional effects of these injuries are less discussed and therefore these aspects can be overlooked when anticipating a course of treatment. Individuals who sustain acquired brain injuries experience significant, lasting impairment in the psychosocial, psychological and emotional aspects of their lives and better understanding of these issues can lead to better treatment and coping skills for these individuals.

The program evaluated is titled as Community Integration for Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors. The background of this program initially started in the beginning of 2014 and specifically aimed to improve the quality of life among traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. Today, the goals and objectives of this program generally result in three sections: to have clients sustain

Traumatic brain injury is a serious harm to the brain which happens after a blow or jolt to the head. Also it causes wide-ranging spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Suffering from TBI is not only an impact on the individual but it can also be devastating to the individual’s family. TBI can occur after experiencing a traumatic event or situation such as, accident, fall, violence, etc. There are three types of common symptoms for TBI for example, Physical, cognitive, and emotional. The symptoms for TBI and PTSD are really similar and because of similarities in both, it can be difficult to understand what the fundamental complication is. Furthermore, individuals with TBI are more likely to develop PTSD in the long run. Since there were many things the women was forgetting about while telling her story, it could have been due to TBI. When telling her story she couldn’t stay calm,” she cries

A traumatic brain injury (also known as a TBI) is a hit to the head that causes damage to the brain cells as well as causes the person to become confused, as a result of the information that’s being sent to neuron to neuron getting interrupted.When the impulses are not going the correct way it causes the person to change their personality, attitude and emotions. Not to mention that no two brain injuries are alike. For the medical team they take a different approach.

almost two-thirds of persons are affected within seven years after injury.2 Importantly, major depression is associated with adverse outcomes,3,4,5 including social isolation, hostility and cognitive deficits.6 Little is known, however, about the development and progression of depression after TBI,3 particularly among women.7 Some risk factors for depression following TBI include structural changes in the brain due to injury. Depression may result from injury to the areas of the brain that control emotions, in particular areas of the limbic system. Changes in levels of certain chemicals in the brain, including neurotransmitters, have also been reported and can increase risk for depression following TBI.8 Psychological response to injury may

A traumatic brain injury, often referred to as TBI, occurs when an acute, intense amount of force from outside the cranium causes a traumatic injury to the brain. Traumatic brain injuries pose potentially unlimited post-trauma hurdles and impediments to both the patient and their family. One of the more difficult potential impediments to be faced in the wake of a traumatic brain injury is the development of a new psychiatric disorder. In fact, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is three times more likely in patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury than those who have not (Garcia, 2001, Para 2). There have been numerous studies into the correlation between traumatic brain injuries and the development of new psychiatric disorders; however, the link between the two is still

Additionally, the older a person is at the time of injury, the higher risk of decline in functional independence, increases in fatigue, declines in societal participation, and declines in perceived environmental barriers (Sendroy-Terrill et al, 2009). Lastly, the conclusion stated by Sendroy was there has increased understanding of the aging process after TBI by demonstrating that years postinjury and age at injury are predictive of several outcomes after TBI. I found it clever that they had many different biological and psychological aspects they measured in their survey because it gives a variety of outcomes caused by TBI. However, by using a survey there is a high probability of response bias so they may not be as reliable as researchers would like. Lastly, the conclusion reached that does show that certain outcomes can be predicted to a certain extent but does not give a high statistical

Traumatic brain injury students is a different beast. The impact from the trauma is so varied, individual, and unpredictable. Physical and health impairments can be more typical in needs once the impairment is identified. Both disabilities requires instruction to be specific and short- a single skill introduced at a time, with visual, verbal, physical, and adaptive prompts depending on the skills- academic, communication, or self-help, etc.- to be taught and the student's ability levels. Often, teaching students in these categories require respectful creativity to make something work.

In the article twenty- three participants, seven women sixteen men, who sustained a moderate to severe Traumatic Brain Injury and 23 neurologically normal controls, thirteen women and ten men, partook in this study. Participants with TBI were identified from admissions to a rehabilitation program located in the Pacific Northwest region. Control participants were recruited through advisements in the community and received monetary compensation for their participation and the participants with TBI received feedback regarding cognitive functioning in return for their involvement in the study. The individuals who had TBI were considered to have suffered a severe brain injury if depth of coma, documented in an emergency room or at the scene of the accident, was 8 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale. The duration of post-traumatic amnesia was three days or longer for all TBI participants. Emergence from post-traumatic amnesia was assess by repeated administration of the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test or by asking the individual with TBI to recall their memories until the evaluator was convinced that the participant displayed normal continuous memory. (Livengood, Anderson, & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2010) Time since injury ranged between 2–10 months all participants with TBI were within the first year of recovering from a moderate to-severe TBI. The majority of individuals with TBI sustained their head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident, while the remaining injuries

The consequences for sustaining brain injury of any magnitude can have a life changing effect on the individual and the family. Whether the person is an adult or a child their life changes drastically. There are various types of brain injuries; the one that is in detail in this paper is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) of any degree. The obstacles a person has to overcome to become rehabilitated are numerous, tedious, and frustrating. The expenses that a person or family have to pay for rehabilitation are tremendous, and many cannot afford the treatments.

Patients who suffer from a mild TBI often require little rehabilitation and function normally over the course of a week or so (León-Carrión et al., 2005). Patients with a moderate TBI often suffer psychological and physical stressors, but they have an 80% chance of being high-functioning after a certain amount of time (León-Carrión et al., 2005). However, patients with moderate to severe TBI often suffer long-term physical and cognitive problems as a result of their injury.

Previous studies expressed concern in children’s TBI acquisition in their developing brain. Wilde et al (2012) explains that “the neurocognitive and neurobehavioral morbidity is particularly significant with acquired child brain injury because the injury disrupts the neural maturation and development” (Catroppa et al., 2008). Researchers hypothesized that childhood TBI potentially disrupt the development of certain brain regions through pathological changes. Beauchamp et al (2011) conducted a study examining two main structural differences thought to be vulnerable in childhood TBI: the amygdala and the hippocampus. In this study, the hippocampus and the amygdala were both manually

3 pieces of information that would be helpful to me in teaching students with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in my classroom would be: