Poveranz Trade Case Study

In 1919, eight of the Chicago White Sox allegedly threw the World Series. Charles Comiskey was the ruthless owner of the White Sox and was the main motive of the sox to throw the series. Chick Gandil was the first player to get involved and then he spread it to the other players on the team. The act by these players would be called the Black Sox Scandal. The Scandal nearly ruined America’s pastime. The baseball commissioner, Judge Landis, banned all eight of the players for life. Based on how Joe Jackson played in the world series and how he was proven innocent in a court of law, he should be reinstated into baseball and be put in the hall of fame.

Baseball has always been considered as American as apple pie. If that is true than cheating should be just as American. Ever since the creation of America’s favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been a major part of the game. Each era of baseball has showed more complex ways of cheating the game. Although, cheating in baseball has been around since the introduction of the game, only few scandals have really made history. Some of the most famous scandals include the Black Sox Scandal, the gambling of Pete Rose, and the use of steroids by players to enhance their performance. Despite these corruptions the game has still managed to stay America’s most loved sport.

In the article “Conditions of Trade,” Michael Baxandall explains that fifteenth-century Italian art is a “deposit” resulting from the commercial interaction between the artist and the purchaser, who he refers to as a client. These works, as such, are “fossils of economic life,” and money, and they play an important role in the history of art. In our current perception of the relationship between the artist and art, “painters paint what they think is best, and then look around for a buyer” . However in the past, especially during the Renaissance period, the customers determined the content and form of paintings, as it was them who commissioned the work before it was created. He states that the artists and clients were interconnected and

Throughout our country’s history there have been many examples of fraud and scandal. One of the most well-known scandals of our century is the 1919 Chicago White Sox Scandal. The movie “Eight Men Out” shows us what really happened throughout the 1919 baseball season with the Chicago White Sox. The Chicago White Sox were a Major League Baseball organization who was run by their penny-pinching owner, Charles Comiskey. He has been under -paying his players, despite the fact that they were the clear favorite to win the 1919 World Series. As a result, the players decide to come up with a plan to get back at their cheap owner.

When studying trade and commodities of Empires in any period of time, it is important to look at the changes that the trade created within the involved nations. What crops were popular enough to grow commercially in the empire, what the increase of trade did to the population demographics, and how the global system influenced the interactions of the countries involved can be found through close reading primary sources. Through sources like Trade and Travel in the Far East by G.F. Davidson and Tearful Conversation over the Mulberry Fields and the Sea by Nguyen Thuong Hien, scholars can determine the impact these factors had on the lives of those who experienced empirical trade. In comparing these two documents, the most prominent focus is on

Anyone who has been involved in an organized sport, whether it is backyard football or a high school sports team, knows that these sports all have organizations that are responsible for setting rules, determining conditions of play, and penalizing individuals who infringe the rules. Some of the organizations like the National Football league and the MLB are familiar to most people, the rules they follow are not generally understood by anyone who is not closely associated with the sport. Most fans and sport critics assume that what is happening inside these organizations are of little concern to them. However, this is not the case. In the MLB, the New York Yankees spend an excessive amount of money every year to obtain big name players. A

A suspension from an entire season and thousands of dollars of fine were issued and that seemed light with talks of being banned from baseball floating between the two parties. Major League Baseball took the right direction in the situation making an example of this group of players and especially Rodriguez (Quinn, Fish, and Gomez). This no tolerance policy could hopefully put a stop to the use of steroid in this great sport and get the game back to its original form.

Since Major League Baseball all-star Ken Caminiti openly admitted to Sports Illustrated to have used steroids during his career, steroid use as a muscle and performance enhancer has been uncovered and become a big issue Major League Baseball is wrestling with. The “ongoing and delicate subject, baseball’s dirty, little secret that is no secret anymore,” is a huge and growing problem (Curry B20). Now that light has been shed on the issue, critics are beginning to realize the magnitude of this problem and do not like it. Steroids are a cheating virus that is spreading quickly. Users cheat other players, themselves, the fans, and the game itself. Action must be taken to rid Major League Baseball of this virus

In the year 1919 a huge sports scandal shocked baseball. The Black Sox Scandal occurred in the 1919 World Series where the White Sox played against the Reds. This Scandal is the reason why professional sports banned gambling on your own team and players can’t bet on themselves.The Scandal was about two gamblers approaching the White Sox and telling the players who at the time were making a very low amount of money due to the great depression; who offered them White Sox players a total of 100,000 dollars to throw the World Series to the Reds because they were heavily favored. This would be a huge payout to gamblers. Before the first pitch was even thrown in the World Series the rumors circled around that the White Sox were bribed, and several months after the World Series was thrown in the favor of the Reds, eight players on the team were accused of throwing the World Series. Those eight players were banned from the major league for life.

The performance that goes beyond the possible one by an average player received a critical attention by the Major League Baseball. The article, “Under Mounting Pressure: A History Of Media Influence On Major League Baseball Steroid Policies,” is based on the relationship between Major League Baseball and the media. The authors break down how the media reports on

This is an interesting topic of for researching the Black Sox Scandal because it is going to be huge scandal for both in the MLB. Even though Joe Jackson sues and, he was not guilty, he was banned form the MLB. It emphasized that Judge Landis, who was the fist commissioner in the MLB, and other the MLB executives had undutiful evidences. However, they could not find it. Therefore, the MLB should

Milner reports that none of the eight players were found guilty (267). Because they were innocent, they did not serve time in jail (Ward 143). Rosenberg declares that all players were forbidden from playing organized baseball forever (71). Although they could not play, “Jackson played semi-pro baseball under assumed names,” which was his way of obeying the sentence (Milner 268). Many people felt that the baseball industry needed a leadership change after the consequences were distributed to the players. Owners of the baseball teams decided to designate a new judge to oversee baseball games. The owners felt they needed to make a monumental change so the owners got rid of the three man commission that had previously watched over the baseball games (Ward 143). Rosenberg says, “Landis was given the title of commissioner of baseball with a salary of $50,000 a year. More power was put into his hands then any other baseball man ever had” (71). Landis was in charge of watching over all of the baseball games. By changing the commissioners of the game, a new era of baseball was developed. The scandal marked a crucial point in baseball's history and introduced a new age of cleaner baseball. No scandal had shocked the public as much as the Black Sox scandal did during that time period (Rosenberg 71). Milner says, after the fix, gambling scandals decreased substantially during organized baseball .Landis ruled baseball with an iron fist which led decreased gambling scandals (268). A new era of baseball came from the Black Sox Scandal and baseball was known for Babe Ruth’s hitting skills then for scandals involving baseball and gambling (“Black Sox Scandal” 67). There were many positive changes that came from the Black Sox Scandal including a new commissioner and a new era

This was the best team in all of baseball, and they had just lost to a team that served no real threat. The heat became too much for gambler Bill Maharg. Maharg confessed with his own account on the fix which in turn busted the flood gates on the scandal. Shortly after Maharg’s confession, “Shoeless” Joe Jackson and Eddie Ciotte testified before a grand jury. Jackson admitted to accepting $5,000 from his teammates. Next, Lefty Williams and Oscar Felsch confessed along with the remaining four players. In October 1920 : Gandil, Ciotte, Williams, Risberg, Felsch, McMullin, Weaver, and Jackson were dubbed the “Black Sox”.On August 2, 1921 the “Black Sox” were found not guilty on all counts. Unfortunately their vindication would not last long. The case then went before Judge Landis, the first commissioner of baseball. Landis kicked all eight men out of baseball forever. They were categorized as non redeemable. Not only could they never play major league baseball, but they would not be allowed into the Baseball Hall of Fame. It was that that “Black Sox Scandal” was, “ One of the greatest tragedies in the history of the sport. . .” Bert Serger said, “ Judge Landis’s announcement was sufficient and forceful. Basically it laid the ground rules for a new era in

Jackson, Cicotte, and Williams all confessed to the grand jury about knowing about the fix, but Jackson and Williams would end up retracting their confessions.8 The charges to each players names were Conspiring to defraud the Public, conspiring to defraud the white sox pitcher Ray Schalk, conspiring to commit a confidence game, conspiring to injure the business of the American League, and conspiring to injure the business of Charles Cominskey.9 There were many rumors about whether or not Cominskey knew about the fix, or if he was even a part of it.10 And of course, Cominskey denied all the rumors, he was so confident that he offered $10,000 to anyone who could come up with information about the fix.11 The first witness of the prosecution was Cominskey.12 The only player to be believed as innocent is Joe Jackson, since he was the only one who attempted to tell Cominskey about the fix, he is also the only that asked to be benched so that he didn’t harm the team or the series.13 On July 29th, Edward Prindeville closed the case for the prosecution, asking the jury to return with a guilty verdict, with five years in a penitentiary, and a fine of $2,000 per defendant. The jury talked for less than three hours before finding every player not guilty.14 The trials and verdicts lasted until 1921, so most of the players were able to continue to play during the 1920 season.15

This business partnership did not only change Baseball, it change America as well. As human, we are frightened by change. If America