Probability Testing: Focus on Families Efficacy

A storm or flooding would also be an environmental threat to somewhere such as Hinkley Point as

As the World Bank and the United Nations (2010) point out, “Climate-related hazards (“extreme events”) have resulted in an average of $59 billion a year in global damages” (p.174). Climate chance forces emergency planers to not only address current increased risk, but it also requires significant long-term plaining as the problem increases in magnitude. As an example, places like Florida will not only need to contend with a longer and stronger hurricane season, but increased sea levels as well. In the short term, the effects of climate change can have secondary effects. Things like droughts create secondary problems like social and economic disruptions (World Bank & United Nations, 2010, p. 182). This is the case in California where droughts are causing economic problems in the states agricultural sector and an increase in forest fires.

Yet, humans have limited control on natural events, so this only reinforces the importance of managing water wisely. Recently California’s government has begun to focus more on sustaining and restoring the water supply. Dale Kasler (2016) articulates in his article some of the steps they have decided to make to solve this serious issue. The government has made the following investments: “$415 million for watershed restoration and other environmental aid for Lake Tahoe; up to $335 million for two proposed reservoirs in California, including the Sites reservoir north of Sacramento; $880 million for flood-control projects on the American and Sacramento rivers in Sacramento; and $780 million for flood-control projects in West Sacramento” (para. 10). This could be the first step to restoring the water to California. But these

They serve as a framework for clinical assessment and can be applied to the individual, family, and community. Through this framework, data is collected and assessed, allowing for the application of nursing diagnoses and interventions that encompass a holistic view of the client. There are 11 patterns, and within each pattern there are four focal areas.

A major problem in Southern California is that Los Angeles experiences very little rain all year, followed by intense downpours that last less than one day (53). Its unreliable rainfall severely hurts the region. In Northern California, mountains such as the Sierra Nevada allow for a huge range in rainfall over a short distance. “…a place on the western slope of the range may receive eighty or so inches of precipitation in a year, while a place on the east slope, fifty miles away, may receive ten inches or less” (58).

The tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to the future. The more precipitation, the more risk of flooding.More heavy downpours may increase the likelihood of property damage, travel delays and disruption in

Flooding is one of the many risks that people and their private properties assume when they consider living in a specific geographic location. This is true for the residents of Howard County, as they live near the Chesapeake Bay, whose tributaries branch off into smaller rivers, streams and lakes. Due to the fact that Howard County is more developed in the southeast and more rural in the west, there is a correlation between the risk of flooding and the presence of human development. (any cite here?) Natural factors play an integral role in determining the probability of flooding in a particular section of the county as well. People and their private properties are highly impacted by flooding, as it can cause death and injuries to humans

Simply stated, knowledge can be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on how you use it. Arguably, the inherent purpose and power of knowledge lies in the ability to use that knowledge to make good changes to things around you. The “Individuals and Societies” module explored the implications of knowledge and how we should use knowledge to make changes with respect to our water crisis. In Josh Viers lecture entitled “California Water Wars,” he presented the fact that California, more specifically, is facing a water crisis. Viers states that one reason for this water crisis is the phenomenon of the Sierra Nevada facing monumental shifts in climate change. He posits that the Nevada is shifting from a snow-dominated to rain dominated flow regime, that there is now an earlier timing of snowmelt, and that there are now longer dry seasons (Viers). The purpose of this lecture was two-fold, to inform us about our current and past actions and to warn us that changes need to be made to prevent the exacerbation of our water crisis. Viers urged us to look at the data and see that our actions

Data analysis from this one interview revealed the following about Mexican American Families. The decision to immigrate to the U.S. involves several push and pull factors that influence people to make this choice. In the case of Jane Doe she felt that it was necessary because “tienes que salir adelante” (Interview, 2015), which translates to you have to get ahead. She talked about how the U.S. offered great promises of work and a better life for her and her two children. Reoccurring themes through out the interview is the reliance on family and friends, personal space, emotional support, and tradition.

An issue of this magnitude is clear to see by many. Although, there are people who choose to believe that humans do not have an impact on the environment’s drastic changes, there are people who do choose to see our actions have led to this situation. Adam Sobel of CNN believes that the population of California has played some sort of a role in the drought they are experiencing. Sobel states that the human-induced climate change has increased the risk that a drought will occur, and it also forces the public to become aware of how we treat the environment. He points out that this is the first time in the state’s history that there has been a mandatory statewide restriction of water use. The system set in place for water consumption in the driest areas of the country does not make sense, and the restriction of water is the biggest acknowledgement of the issue. Sobel makes it clear that our contribution to climate change is not based on one single event attribution, but on statistics of large sets of weather events. This argument is important, because it reinforces the idea that we should be motivated to discover and implement better ways to control our water consumption, as well as prevent catastrophic flooding in areas that have a great chance of extreme weather events.

In a recent study published in The American Journal of Public Health, researchers from California concluded the following: “Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience financial or property impacts related to the drought” (Barreau et al. 783). Now the key question is as follows: Can this research be beneficial to all citizens of California? In other words, can local and state politicians assist with the creation and implementation of procedures and solutions that can be used to reduce and/or prevent the future physical, mental and financial impacts related to the drought?

Different assessment examines different features of an individual, or similar assessments examine similar features in different ways. Three assessments that regard family conditions and that are considered important are, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III), the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Self-report Family Inventory (SFI).

1. My moment of insight was during the family risk calculations lecture. I was confused when we calculated the carrier risk of individuals using a punnet square. My initial thought was that a carrier is someone who has the ability to pass an affected gene to their offspring. However, this is not entirely true. When making family risk calculations, a carrier is ONLY someone who is a heterozygote (one affected and one wild-type gene). This distinction is critical when making family risk calculations. I solidified my understanding of this concept when we compared carriers of recessive and dominant conditions. When considering a dominant condition, all carriers will also be affected. However, in recessive conditions, no affected individuals will

“Natural disasters have killed more than 600,000 people and left behind trillions of dollars in damages in the last two decades, the United Nations said Monday.” (Chan) Extreme weather has caused millions of casualties and extreme damages over the years, but lately there has been an increase in severe weather events. This is causing problems in the US, with the amount of tornadoes rising in tornado alley “Tennessee experienced a 67 percent increase in tornado activity in 1983-2013 compared to the 1954-1983 time period. Oklahoma experienced a nearly 35 percent decrease in tornadoes in 1983-2013 compared to 1954-1983.”

In response to such unreliability of rationality, planning theorists have taken various methods to face it. Some continued to use rationality and some completely abandoned it and went out to find new solutions. Others proposed multiple means that, in their own minds, solve the unreliability of rational planning. Different from the theorists, planning practitioners use rationality more as a mean to evade from politics, in other words, as an