Pros And Cons Of Ceervical Cancer

The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends cervical cancer screening with cytology testing (also known as a Pap Smear) every three years in women ages 21 to 65 (U.S. Preventative Services Task Force [USPSTF], 2016a). The USPSTF has graded this recommendation with an “A” indicating that they have a high level of certainty that the screening will prove to be beneficial, rather than harmful to the patient (USPSTF, 2016a). However, if this patient would prefer to receive cervical cancer screening every five years, the USPSTF also has a high level of certainty that this will prove to beneficial rather than harmful if human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytology are both performed during this screening (USPSTF, 2016a). The

The incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in my local community Lockport, Illinois is one out of every five people have HPV and due to the vaccinations to prevent HPV, Illinois ranks 48th among the United States for incidences of HPV (Manchir, 2013). HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that is transmitted through sexual contact. HPV is transmitted during vaginal, oral, or anal sex and on rare occasions, through birth during delivery (Illinois Department of Public Health [IDPH], 2013). Surprisingly, 50 percent of men and women that are active sexually will acquire HPV during their lifetime! HPV has affected 20 million Americans and an astounding, six million additional people will become infected every year (Illinois Department of Public Health [IDPH], 2013). Although Lockport Illinois has a lower amount of people with HPV, as a public health nurse, I realize this is an issue that needs to be addressed in my local community. Awareness is the key to prevention. Teenagers, parents, and all adults need to

This program health alert would help promote a lot of positive change, in the different communities at large, of course programs that will reduce young people's risk of infections, help prolong sexual contact, decrease the consistency of intimacy, decrease the amount of partners, and increase the use of protection (Hollander, 2012). It is a need for education about sex to be taught in every school. Health alert is working with the schools in the community at large to assure these programs are correctly implemented. Teens may receive some education about sex, diseases, and abstinence in some grades in school, but many students receive none. A lot of young people such as youth who are not in school receive almost none or not enough education.

As mentioned before, some strains of HPV can lead to oral and cervical cancers and condoms are not completely reliable when it comes to protection. Currently, options are limited for both prevention of infection of patients with HPV-associated disease: infection can only be prevented with complete abstinence from all forms of sexual activity because condoms do not offer complete protection from HPV and HPV can be transmitted by nonintromissive sexual activities (Weaver, 2006). Teaching teenagers about safe sex falls on caregivers which include parents. Teenagers who do not have a stable home life, whether the parents work all the time, or there is only a single parent, are more at risk because they less likely to be supervised adequately. This is the reason it is so important to educate these teenagers about sex and STIs.

You ask an adolescent now days if any of his friends have had sex, and the majority can say yes, but if you ask them how many of them were protected, or knew if the other person was tested negative for STD’s, most of them will just give you the shoulder shrug and say, “Well I don’t know, who cares anyways.” For this reason exactly vaccination from such an early start in children became an urgent need in the late 20th century and early 21st century, making it mandatory to receive Hep A and Hep B along with the other countless vaccines; however there is one that has been tried to make mandatory among girls, and it’s the HPV vaccine that is used to prevenet cervial cancer. In order to illuminate the public on the subject, two writers, health

The U.S. has the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases and teen pregnancies of any industrialized nation that put young teenagers at risks. It is estimate that 20,000 new cases of sexually transmitted diseases reported each year comes from people under the age of 25 and 82 percent of all teen pregnancies are accidents that account for one-fifth of all unintended pregnancies annually (CDC 2006). As a result, the government needs to stop funding and promoting abstinence only programs and start focusing on comprehensive sex education. Comprehensive sexuality education according to Sexuality Information and Education Council of the US (SIECUS) provides a complete message by teaching age appropriate and medically accurate information

Statistic: According to 2015 report, 83 percent of women in the United States have been screened for cervical cancer. This number is low compared to the healthy people 2020 target, which is 93 percent. This can be explained by disparity in screening due to low income, uninsured, less educated, lack a source of health

Cervical cancer is one of the highly popular disease for the women. Different programmes has been made up to fight against this deadly disease. New Zealand has one of the best screening programmes in the world. The establishment of National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in NZ in 1990 had reduced a significant number of 60% of women who develop cervical cancer and who die from it since it was built. More than 1 million New Zealander women are enrolled in this programme and 95 % are eligible. The Cervical Cancer screening programme aims to; informing women about the importance of having the cervical screening tests; promoting cervical screening tests on a regular basis to women aged 20–70; ensuring high-quality and culturally appropriate services; supporting women with abnormal tests; ensuring there is regular monitoring to see that the goals of the programme are being met. The NCSP also acknowledges the importance of the Treaty of Waitangi in providing a screening programme that is successful for all New Zealand women.

Licensed clinicians are more likely to receive an accurate patient report regarding history and sexual partners when the patient doesn’t feel attacked or judged based on their responses. Select patients may be hesitant to perform screening tests due to a personal fear of results, and fear of the unknown. Bharel et al., (2014) identifies cervical cancer as the fourth most common cancer that affects an array of individuals. Those with low income are less likely to consistently schedule and attend screening, due to out of pocket costs. Since the local health department does base the cost of service on the patient’s income, patients may refuse HPV vaccinations and the Pap

The morbidity and mortality rates for cervical cancer caused by HPV in the United States are 8.1 and 2.4 per 100,000 respectively; worldwide the mortality rate for cervical

Receiving a cervical screening every three years is more cost effective. A cervical screening every three years can save the patient and insurance companies money, but if the patient has insurance the cost will not affect them. The majority of insurance companies now cover preventative care appointments. Therefore, patients do not have to pay out of pocket for the appointment. Patients also have to consider the changes that can occur during the years they do not visit their doctor and some symptoms and problems can go undiagnosed. These undiagnosed problems can contribute to paying additional money to cure the problem when it could have been avoided with a yearly cervical

Sexually transmitted disease (STD) is one of the listed topics for Healthy people 2020 area for improvement. The importance for prevention of STD is marked by a number of different factors like high yearly increase in infected individuals, rise in healthcare cost, and long-term health care complications associated with untreated STDs. Another significant reason for the importance of STD prevention is nearly half of the new cases of infected individuals are young adults between the ages of 15-24 (U. S. Department of Health & Human Services [HHS], 2015). Adolescents between the age of 15-19 and young adults between the age of 20-24 are at a disproportionate rate in the number of new STD cases yearly, in comparison to adults and older adults (HHS, 2015). Furthermore, not all STD cases are reported or accounted for annually, and case numbers are possibly much higher than the reported incidents that only include Clamydia, Gonorrhea, and syphilis. This target population is at an increase need for safe sex practices to reduce the prevalence of new cases annually. The increase need for education is pivotal for the reduction of new STD cases among adolescents.

Among the many arguments for mandatory HPV vaccination, the foremost is that it is an important medical achievement and a major public health milestone. This vaccine has proven to be one-hundred percent effective in preventing the 4 HPV strains that are responsible for seventy percent of cervical cancers and ninety percent of genital warts. In addition, no serious side effects have been identified. Because this vaccine is a preventive measure, administration before onset of sexual activity is ideal; however, even females who have been sexually active can still benefit from this vaccination (Perkins et al., 2010). Nationally and internationally, the HPV vaccine will significantly reduce disease burden by reducing monetary and psychological costs of invasive procedures that remove precancerous and cancerous lesions. By combining vaccination with routine Pap smear screening, these public health efforts have the remarkable opportunity to eradicate cervical cancer (Ramet et al., 2011).

The NCCC falls under the umbrella of American Sexual Health Association, a 501(c) 3 organization that promotes the sexual health of individuals, families and communities (Nccc-online.org, 2015). The primary health objective of this intervention is to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer by 30% among women ages 30-40 in Richmond, VA by 2040 through the promotion of HPV vaccination among adolescents. Funding for this intervention will be applied through The Kellogg Foundation who awards grants on a rolling basis without a specific call for proposal (W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 2015). The Foundation’s focus is directly related to preventive care for children, which is in alignment with HPV vaccines to adolescents (W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 2015). A sum of $252,000 is requested for this intervention to pay for educational staff and an HPV awareness

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in countries such as India accounting for more than 17% of all cancer deaths in women aged 30-69. [3] Cervical cancer is one such type of cancer in which screening plays a significant role. Clinical trials done in below poverty level populations do encounter ethical issues to a certain extent with regards to informed consent as most or all of these patients are illiterate. However informed consent is extremely important when justifying data for such clinical trials. Countries such as US have implemented Pap smear screening as one of the most important cervical cancer screening methods. In countries as densely populated as India where proper healthcare facilities does not reach slums and extremely poverty stricken societies, alternatives for screening are indicated- VIA or Visual inspection with acetic acid