Pros and Cons of Packet and Circuit Switching.

But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

Describe the data communication types used historically and the developments that have led to modern day Local Area Networks (LANs). Detail any emerging technologies and where you think data communications are likely to be in ten years’ time.

You will discover different network topologies and different types of networks: LANs, WANs, and internetworks (internets). The concept of switching is discussed to show how small networks can be combined to create larger ones. You will learn about the Internet: its early history, the birth of the Internet, and the issues related to the Internet today. This module covers standards and standards organizations.

Networks are the essential Components of communication system. The systems are used to transmit and receive signals. Telecommunication is the interaction between two people or two points. By using PSTN, PABX, LAN and PSTN to send and receive the messages, it does not require any geographical locations (Dias, 2007). Once there is an understanding of the advantages can be identified the advanced communication system using the types of networks

This assignment will be mainly about network components and how do they operate, what are their functions and what are their flaws.

3. NETWORK (layer 3) – Provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node.

Some of the networking basics are discussed below like TCP, UDP, TCP/IP, and OSI model.

The need for communication was never broadly felt until the establishment and the use of telegraphy. Samuel Morse invented the telegraph in the 1830s and it had a huge impact on domestic politics and foreign policy. Now there was another way people could communicate instead of physically carrying letters or even sending messages through word of mouth. The telegraph also made messages much easier to transmit and receive over long distances internationally. The telegraph affected domestic politics and foreign policy in a revolutionary manner in which it strengthened communication, war, industrialization, and facilitated the globalization process as a whole.

a)As per given Application Working Module we have to use Circuit Switched Network for this Application.because as per given data application needs long time connection and a good bandwidth.if we used Packet switching we have to face some data loss and packet trafficking because there is no end to end connection between source and destination.so the best network is Circuit Switched Network for this given Application.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of switching and routing used in a network environment and familiarize the reader with various hardware and software associated with there functions. This paper will look at some switching concepts that will include store and forward switching, cut through switching, fragment free switching, and V-Lan. This paper will also cover routing concepts, along with some comparisons including routed vs. routing protocols, Classful vs. classless protocols, and distance vector vs. link state protocols.

The two authors follow the story from the conception of the idea of "packet switching" in the early 1960s to the creation and development of the Internet. We see how one idea led to another and how the intelligent people around the circumstances influenced the developments.

The impact of the invention drops electricity 50 kilowatts per 1,000 servers and saves $280 thousand annually, against Cisco Nexus 9000 and similar. While downshifting three hops of legacy Top of Rack networks to two with a leading-edge End of Row setup, cost comparable. Validated through proprietary, production grade computer modeling “Switchmaker Simulator” a one-year project along with a Ph. D. professor of Computer Science at a major United States Engineering University.

The always and ever increasing quantity of products with IP routers are incorporating packet filtering as a tool to help in improving the network security if utilized in the proper way, packet filtering is a great tool for a network’s security or networks administrators that are security conscious but in order for it to be used effectively one must have an in-depth understanding of its many capabilities and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages and what type of particular protocol that the filters are being applied to. This paper begin by defining firewall and identifying the different types of firewall then goes into Packet filtering describing some of the characteristics and some of the application protocol then the paper identified

All the computers, in the logically and physically networks have to follow the same rules known as Protocols such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NETBEUI etc. Today, there are many computer networking technologies such as LAN, MAN, WAN, WLAN, ISDN, ATM, Frame Relay, X.25, Bluetooth,