Psychological Test Properties Of A Person Is Not Universal

(1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343.

“Anxiety is the signal of danger which mobilizes the human organism’s resources at all levels of functioning in the interests of conservation, defense, and self- preservation.” (Anxiety 1) If a person suffers from anxiety there is a major loss of control and then an attempt to regain that control because of a fear that they have. Anxiety disorders are one of the most frequently occurring mental disorders in the United States. However, anxiety disorders are not only found in the United States. They are found throughout the world. They just happen to be most predominating in the United States. In this paper, I will be discussing the generalized anxiety disorder and how if effects society today.

To experience any form of anxiety, such as interviews, a drive in traffic, or even a first date is a natural- human experience. For instance, one begins to undergo a feeling of failure regarding specific class. Nevertheless, sometimes, the emotion, keeps us motivated and school work-orientated. Yet, now and then, anxiety can take a hold on one when intense fear and distress becomes too overwhelming; it can prevent one from doing everyday thing. As a result, anxiety disorder can be the cause (B. T. Anxiety Disorders, 2016). According to National Alliance of Mental Illness, known as NAMI (2016), anxiety disorders are a common mental health concern in the United States. Roughly, forty million adults in the United States, and eight percent of children and teenagers face some sort of a negative impact of an anxiety disorder. Consequently, people develop symptoms of anxiety disorder before the age twenty-one.

Stress and anxiety affect a large segment of the child and adolescent population. Numerous stressors from a wide range of domains contribute to the current levels of subclinical anxiety and diagnosed anxiety disorders. Without effective coping strategies, the cumulative effect of these stressors can lead to the clinical diagnosis of one or more anxiety disorders. Left untreated, these disorders can carry severe long-term consequences, including social, cognitive, and academic impairments. Furthermore, these deficiencies can lead to significant limitations in adulthood, such as reduced career choices, substance abuse, and an increase in the use of both mental and physical health care.

c. Procedures used & Description of “what they did”. - Each participant was given a set of four different self-report questionnaires. 1. The English Worry and Anxiety Questionnaire asked participants to provide a list of their six daily worry subjects. 2. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire to determine how often they worry about said subject and the level of worry it causes them. 3. The English Why Worry II, a questionnaire that pertained only to positive beliefs. 4. The Metacognitions Questionnaire; a tool that measures beliefs, memory and through awareness.

Science with all its marvels and wonders continues to press forward making extraordinary breakthroughs. Psychology plays a key role in many of sciences steps forward, each branch of psychology focusing on a specific techniques and theories. In the document the center of attention is surrounding the application of clinical psychology, this branch of psychology is unique as it all realms of an individual’s issue. Specifically speaking, anxiety is the psychological disorder that is under review through the processes of a clinical

Anxiety, also known as generalized anxiety disorder, is categorized by Mayo Clinic as “ongoing anxiety and worry that are difficult to control and interfere with day-to-day activities”(“Generalized”). According to Mayo Clinics article Generalized Anxiety Disorder that not only adults but also children and adolescent who have this disorder that “Your anxiety, worry or physical symptoms cause you significant distress in social, work or other areas of your life.” Everyone experiences anxiety at one point in their life it; however, becomes a disorder once it starts to interfere with the everyday life of that person. The symptoms of anxiety in adults are persistent worrying over normally insignificant details in life, overthinking, having difficulty

Anxiety is the most common mental health disorder in the United States and women are over twice as likely to suffer from anxiety than men (Kessler et al., 2005). The symptoms of anxiety can be life disrupting; affecting personal and professional relationships, sleep, appetite, health, and overall quality of life. The causes of anxiety seem ever-present and there is no indication the situation is going to improve in the immediate future. Global politics, war, domestic terrorism, rising health care costs, and economic instability are but a few of the surfeit anxiety causing stressors individuals must endure while also managing daily pressures of everyday life.

Anxiety is a psychological disorder that affects many people, both mentally and physically. There are many different types of people who live with this disorder, from the young adults to the older generations and from female to male. There are various ways that the disorder may transform the life of the individual who go through the everyday effects of anxiety. A recent study from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America shows that “Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S, affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older, or 18% of the population.”(ADAA), with it being the most common disorder, it is also the most expensive disorder since people need a lot of help. People think of anxiety as just the usual small form of anxiety like when you drive and get nervous but it can be a lot more than extreme for some people. There are many different forms of anxiety that people can experience, for example social anxiety and various phobias. People have been researching ways to assist people with anxiety and attempt to help find the best methods to help them cope. Studies have been done on how anxiety runs in different cultural groups in america, these studies and more have shown that anxiety and depression usually go together.

This subscale is comprised of four Likert-scale items assessing current symptoms (e.g., feeling tense or anxious, feeling irritable or easily angered, feeling intense fear that seems out of place, and experiencing shortness of breath or rapid heartbeat). The anxiety subscale has an internal consistency of .80 and a 3-4 week test-retest stability of .80 (Sperry et al., 1996). T-scores were computed using standard scoring protocol for the anxiety subscale. In this sub-sample, the Cronbach's alpha for the anxiety subscale was .61 for men and .73 for women. Men's t-scores ranged from 33.36 to 61.40 (mean = 39.72, SD = 5.53), and women's t-scores ranged from 33.36 to 70.75 (mean = 39.81, SD = 5.90). Information regarding clinical cut-offs or norms for general and clinical populations on the anxiety subscale are

Significant anxiety associated to changing situations in an individual’s life can be confused with whether they are merely having a standard response to the change or are experiencing the beginning of an anxiety problem. Symptoms of an anxiety disorder may seem similar to those of an adjustment disorder however; there are substantial differences between the two. The anxiety disorder selected for this assignment is agoraphobia and this disorder will be compared with adjustment disorders. Certain adjustment disorders do contain an anxiety component however; they are not diagnosed as anxiety disorders but as adjustment disorders. Adjustment disorders include a group of conditions that become prevalent when an individual has difficulty coping with

Anxiety is a very under estimated Public Health Issue that effects millions of people. How can society become more aware of what Anxiety is? According to Peter Crosta (2009) anxiety is defined as, “a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying” (Anxiety: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments, para. 1). The society people live in are accepting anxiety and the affects it has on individuals, letting this mental illness run their lives. This is what is happening, what the community should be doing is letting the public know that anxiety is an actual illness. Doctors prescribe anti-depressants to those who have anxiety which is a similar mental illness but not the same. Adolescents

The items of the BAI were drawn from three earlier self-report instruments that measured various aspects of anxiety. The BAI was developed with adult psychiatric outpatients and the manual recommends using caution with other clinical populations.

INTRODUCTION: Even though stress negatively affects physical and mental abilities. Stress is the cause of tensions, overwork and increasing demands. Generally, the Anxiety is a part of our life. We live with it, manage it, or more all stress over it. Our lifestyle, the region in which we live, the economy, and our occupations can result in a lot of anxiety. Not everybody manages the same level of anxiety and there are a few elements that can affect our lives and reason us to have higher or lower anxiety levels. (Feldman, 2009)

Psychological tests and or psychological assessments are an important asset in the field of psychology. These tests are designed to measure people’s characteristics which pertain to behavior. There are a variety of different types of tests that can be used to assess different types of behaviors. According to the specific behavior or behaviors being assessed, tests are categorized into two types, ability tests and personality tests. Ability tests, which encompass achievement, aptitude, and intelligence testing are used to determine capacity or potential by measuring scores based on speed, accuracy, or both. On the other hand, personality tests, which include structured or projective are used to determine behavior traits, that may be overt